Measuring Social Inequality Flashcards
What is the poverty threshold according to purchasing power parity?
£1.25/day PPP
Below this level, individuals are unable to buy necessities.
What does relative poverty measure?
It relates the measure of poverty across the whole population
It uses a poverty threshold to differentiate between poor and non-poor.
What is the Gini coefficient?
A technique to measure levels of income distribution
It is a ratio with a value between 0 and 1; a lower value indicates more equal income distribution.
How does a low level of income affect living standards?
It causes a lower standard of living as individuals are unable to access necessities.
What does housing tenure indicate?
It is an important indicator of social inequality.
What are the two forms of housing ownership?
Owning outright or renting from local councils.
What are LIDC slum settlements?
They are linked to social inequality regarding the type and quality of housing.
How can education be measured?
Through formal education and informal learning
Formal education is provided by institutions; informal learning occurs at home or the workplace.
What is one common measure of education?
Literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write at a basic level.
How does education impact quality of life?
The standard and quality of education an individual achieves will impact their quality of life.
What is the link between healthcare and social inequality?
Access to healthcare services is an indicator of social inequality.
What are some measures of healthcare access?
- Number of doctors per 1000 people
- Access to clean water
- Effective sanitation
- Air quality
- Social attitudes towards medical healthcare
How does employment influence quality of life?
It impacts the provision of an income and, subsequently, the quality and standard of living.
What factors may affect the perception of employment across different countries?
Different views or criteria on what counts as employment.
What is an indicator of income quality?
Earnings of wages
However, individuals may still have a low quality of life due to commuting or working long hours.
