4a- places are influenced by a range of players (detroit) Flashcards
what players are involved in driving economic change
local and national governments, TNCs, community groups and NGOs
role of local gov in driving economic change
responsible for what is or isn’t allowed through the planning process. Can set up initiative for local transport
role of national gov in driving economic change
departments can make changes to transport, education, housing and environment of a place
role of local community groups in driving economic change
have an interest in a place as they live there so any change will affect them. May form pressure groups or conduct local surveys
role of TNCs in driving economic change
locate and invest in an area where they can make a profit. When they come into or leave an area they bring economic change
role of NGOs in driving economic change
usually have specific interest like conservation e.g National trust
what was Detroit like before the change
$3 an hour in factories which was 2x the wages of other manufacturing jobs and didn’t need to be educated
lots of investment from TNCS as it was the Motor City so lots of jobs available creating lots of migration from southern states- large black population. Car manufacturers included crysler, cadalac, ford, chevoler
population grew to 1.8 million in 1950
what was the change in Detroit in terms of race
by 1950 the black population was 16.25% and Ford employed lots of black men creating a black middle class growth- led to race riots where 43 dead and 342 injured.
In 1960 ‘White Flight’ occurred and white people moved to the suburbs
what was the change in Detroit in terms of manufacturers
car manufacturers moved out of the city away from the unionised labour in the centre. Also invested in automation so didn’t have to employ as many people.
Due to globalisation and competition from Japanese cars like Toyota who were making more efficient cars took sales away. Toyota invested in the low wage less unionised south
what was the change in Detroit in terms of the government
the city government wasted lots of money on projects that didn’t work so they had very little money to rebuild the city
what impacts did the change have on the place and people socially
crime rates rose and it became the ‘murder capitol of the US’
population fell to 700,000 as white people left leaving a predominately black centre. between 1950 and 2005 52% of people left
what impacts did the change have on the place and people economically
between 1950 and 2005 55% jobs lost
23% are unemployed and 1/2 street lights are out of service
there is less tax as there are fewer people so less investment in services and lack of funding in schools which affects next generation. Also causes dereliction
what was the positive feedback loop present before the change
factories-jobs-development-increase GDP-better tax base and gov spending-better infrastructure- more factories
what was the positive feedback loop after the change
industry leaves-less investment- pop decline-less tax-less services-less education-people leaving- less industry
