//4.a. Increasing global mobility impacts the diffusion of disease and the ability to respond to it, at a variety of scales

Question 1

Why does increasing global mobility lead to wider disease siffusion?

Answer 1

• because of greater internaitonal flows of people
• imporvements in transport and the effect of a ‘shrinking world’ can enable international organisations to respond rapidly to disease outbreaks

Question 2

What is the WHO

Answer 2

• World Health Organisation
• established in 1948
• operates the UN system, directing and coordinating international health
• 194 member states
• works with other inational organisations e.g. UNICEF

Question 3

What are the WHOs aims?

Answer 3

• gathering health data
• providing leadership and identifying priority areas on critical health matters
• research health problems
• monitoring the international health situation
• supporting UN member states when devising health strategies
• providing technical support during a health cricis

Question 4

What does the WHO also do

Answer 4

• publish World Health Statistics annually-which gives a country by country insight into health risks, mortality rates, spread of disease and government spending
• funds many research projects
• aims to increase understanding across all health related challenges
• seek to research and develop vaccines

Question 5

How did the WHO respond to the Nepal eathquake in 2015

Answer 5

• delivered emergency relief

- provided medical facilities

Question 6

Example of a disease outbreak at a local scale- 2009-10 H1N1 Influenza outbreak- key facts

Answer 6

• in April 2009, it was identified in Veracruz state
• H1N1 quickly spread to other parts of Mexico and North America
• by June it had upgraded H1N1 to pandemic status in 74 countries
• in the UK there were two peaks-July and October
• by May 2010 it was in steep decline

Question 7

Example of a disease outbreak at a local scale- 2009-10 H1N1 Influenza outbreak- mortality rates/deaths

Answer 7

• total mortality estimates by the end of 2010 range from 151,700 to 575,400 with a WHO average of 284,500
• half of these deaths reported in Africa and Southeast Asia. Cases here ranged from 43 million to 89 million

Question 8

British Red Cross and Cholera epidemic in Haiti, 2010- January 2010 facts

Answer 8

• 220,000 dead
• 300,000 injured
• 1.3 million homeless
• 60% live on less than $2.5 per day
• homless moved to makeshift camps
• capital city- Port Au Prince- 86% of population living in slums
• 50% of people had no toilet

Question 9

British Red Cross and Cholera epidemic in Haiti, 2010- October 2010 facts

Answer 9

• outbreak of Choldera from October 2010 to Novemeber 2014
• 720,000 cases
• 8700 dead
• Nepal aid workers- relocation diffusion

Question 10

British Red Cross and Cholera epidemic in Haiti, 2010- what were the worst affected areas?

Answer 10

• Artibonite- 47,230 cases, 811 deaths

- Port Au Prince- 20,307 cases, 249 deaths

Question 11

British Red Cross and Cholera epidemic in Haiti, 2010- what was the response?

Answer 11

• clean drinking water to 300,000 people living in Port Au Prince camps
• hygiene programme, building 1300 latrines for 250,000 people
• providing medical supplies to the main hospital in Saint Marc
• treating 18,700 cases in portable treatment units
• raising awareness among local people on how to avoid infections and the symptoms