4.a. Global governance of human rights has consequences for citizens and places

Question 1

Human rights are essential for achieving and sustaining what

Answer 1

development!- link between human rights and development are emoided in the UNs MDGs and Sustainable Development Goals. Equal opportunities for men and women essential!

Question 2

How does the global governance of human rights issues have conseuqnces for citizens and places

Answer 2

The desired effect of human rights is positive, long term, sustainable social and economic development but there are also short term effects which are more varied

Question 3

Short term effects of intervention- benefits of intervention

Answer 3

• protection of civilians
• medical assistance and provision of medicines
• military protection preventing further casulties and protecting aid workers e.g. UN Peacekeeping
• provision of shelter, sanitation, food and water, various NGOs

Question 4

Short term effects of intervention- negatices of intervention

Answer 4

• damage to infrastucture and property
• population displacement
• disruption of education
• civilian casulties
• military action and dependence of aid can determine local agricultural economy

Question 5

Longer term effects of global governance on human rights- social

Answer 5

Social

• improvements in health and life expectancy including IMR and MMR
• education equality, increased enrolment for girls and boys
• development of infrastcuture
• freedom from abuse of women and children

Question 6

Longer term effects of global governance on human rights-political and economic

Answer 6

Political

• democratic elections, government and stability
• strenghtened judical system

Economic

• employment opportunities and reduction of poverty
• development of agricultural systems

Question 7

LIDC- Honduras- main problems

Answer 7

• suffers economic, social, political and environmental problems
• human rights issues hold back development
• gang violence, drug wars and extortion are common
• inequalities in wealth remain high- nearly half of population living below poverty line
• thousands of Hondurans leave to go to US each year, remittances they send home are crucial source of income for many families

Question 8

LIDC- Honduras- key facts

Answer 8

• MMR 129 deaths/100,000 live births- high deaths due to access/quality of healthcare. Gender inequality
• literacy rate 85% but this means 15% have a lowe literacy rate so teritary sector lacks, more employment in primary
• GDP per capita $4,900 which is low- means many low paying jobs. Encourages young skilled workers to migrate and so brain drain may be a result

Question 9

LIDC- Honduras- What is the political system like

Answer 9

• politically unstable- military control until 1982
• since 1982, civil authorities of elected goverments have failed to control security forces and deal with human rights
• 2005, Manual Zelaya elected and changed laws to remove democratic freedoms
• 2014- Juan Orlando Hernadez promised zero tolerance approach towards organised crime and pledged to bring down levels of drug related violence
• crime rates still high- suggests no string political leader

Question 10

Human Rights Issues in Honduras- murder rights and violence are amongst the highest in the world

Answer 10

• journalists, peasant farmers, LGBT individuals are the most vulnerable to violence
• security forces are ineffective with little investigation and prosecution of crimes
• judges face politically motivated intimidation and interference
• military haven’t been able to stop the issue- they have been involbed in 9 killings and 30 illegal arrests

Question 11

Human Rights Issues in Honduras- initimdation, threats and killings of journalists

Answer 11

• journalists, legal practioners and human rights defenders continue to suffer threats, attacks and killings
• 43 journalists were murdered between 2010 and 2014 with 8 more murders between jan-july 2015

Question 12

Human Rights Issues in Honduras- gang culture and drug related violence and organised crime including trafficking of kid labour and child prostitution

Answer 12

• children experience high levels of violence, largely perpetrated by armed gangs
• many are recruited into these gangs or are frequently under pressure to join them leaving many to migrate, often unaccompanied north to Mexico and USA

Question 13

Human Rights Issues in Honduras- what are some other human rights issues

Answer 13

• poverty
• limited access to primary health care
• limited access to education

Question 14

The UN has sent a Human Rights Advisor to Honduras. What are the main aims of this

Answer 14

• help strengthen government institutions working in human rights
• build a stronger human rights culture
• co ordinate the work of civil society and honduran government

Question 15

Global governance strategies to tackle human rights in Honduras- USAID- key international player

Answer 15

• the USA is a key international player, providing US$50 million in security aid between 2010 and 2014
• continues to provide assistance through the Central American Regional Security Initiative
• military and police aid available if honduran government meet specific human rights stipulations
• conducts needs assessments for effective design of human rights and rule of law programmes to meet local and country level priorities

Question 16

Global governance strategies to tackle human rights in Honduras- Honduran government and its Ministry for Justice and Human Rights and the Ministry for Security

Answer 16

• reform citizen security and prevent torture
• uses and relies heavily on UNGOs to address issues such as provision of primary health care in rural areas
• the Ministry of Defence may call upon the army to support operations against terrorism, arms and drug trafficking
• police work in coordination with an anti crime task force- FUSINA

Question 17

Global governance strategies to tackle human rights in Honduras- NGOs- Care International

Answer 17

• work focuses on tackling poverty in the poorest communities
• a range of programmes including health and nutrition and samll business development
• also other human rights issues such as educattion and health care
• interventions such as access to finance and women’s empowerment
• helps with emergency responses

Question 18

Global governance strategies to tackle human rights in Honduras- role of corporate responsibility of large companies- Kenco- Coffee vs gangs

Answer 18

• an education scheme which provides young people to stay out of gangs by training as coffee farmers
• these people are at risk of falling into a gang and so are protected and will grow up with skills to become coffee entrepreneurs

Question 19

Global governance strategies in Honduras- most effective

Answer 19

USAID because it works with military and police. The USA works with others and recognises the human rights issues. However it does work with the police which are the most corrupt force in the region so challenges the effectiveness of the player

Question 20

Global governance strategies in Honduras- least effective

Answer 20

Kenco- while efforts have been made, there are toomany gangs which cannot be controlled. The programme helps some but not all, and only focuses on those affected by gangs. This company does not tackle the most vulnerable- those worse affected do not get a chance. Also heavily relies on coffee

Question 21

Opportunities in Honduras- political stability

Answer 21

• this is being achieved with US support for anti corruption and free and fair elections
• community based efforts to prevent crime and gang activity include education for at risk youths
• bilateral links with USA help the economy and national security. The local governace is being strengthened

Question 22

Opportunities in Honduras- Economic growth

Answer 22

• USA, UN and Civil Society are effectively implementing new food security programmes, promoting economic diversification and training citizens in emergency response to natural disasters
• the Central America Free Trade Agreement- small farmers are being assisted to increase their trade opportunities

Question 23

Opportunities in Honduras- socio economic development

Answer 23

• 40% of the population is under 15. Honduras Ministry of Education has reformed its policies by decentralising to local authorities in rural and urban areas to meet MDG targets for school enrolment
• there has been focus on improving opportunities for children to improve maternal and child health and nutrition to prevent HID/AIDs and opportunities for further decelopment

Question 24

Challenges in Honduras- how are inequalities holding back development

Answer 24

• inequalities between rich and poor evident in urban areas e.g industrail centre of San Pedro Sula. Challenges in terms of supply of housing, clean water, education, health care
• rural urban migration- leads to housing shortages. This migration to the USA of best work force/most education means brain drain and disruption to governance attempts
• gender inequalities and social norms restrict co operation strategies

Question 25

Challenges in Honduras- how are injustices threating development

Answer 25

-judges face acts of intimidation
-criminal justic system needs modernising
-violence against children
-violence high related to drug related trafficking and urban gangs
Honduran government unable to restrict organised crime/gangs which hinders the cooperation of residents and work of NGOs

Question 26

Do the opportunities outweigh the challenges in Honduras

Answer 26

-NO- although the effects of global governance are starting to have an impact on Honduran socio economic development, problems remain and many challenegs still exist