3.b. Global governance of human rights involves cooperation between organisations at scales from global to local, often in partnership

Question 1

Who puts in strategies to protect human rights

Answer 1

• organisations at the supranational scale e.g. UN, regional scale e.g. ASEAN
• national government
• NGOs (international structure but operate at local scale)

Question 2

What is the work of NGOs

Answer 2

• reinforce and strengthen the law through education

- monitor and provide early warning of new violence through education and training

Question 3

What is the UN

Answer 3

• intergovernmental organisation with 193 member states
• ‘realfirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women’
• involved in promoting/protecting human rights

Question 4

What are treaties, laws and norms

Answer 4

• a treaty is a written international agreement beween two or more states of organisation and these bind international and national law e.g. Convention on the Rights of the Child
• treaties and laws are defined from norms

Question 5

Example of intervention- 2011 Libya (intervention was given authority by the UN)

Answer 5

-to prevent further violation of human rights e.g. bombing and starvation of civilians by the dictatorship- intervention was led by France and the UK until NATO forces took over

Question 6

Afghanistan 2014- physical, political and socio economic geography

Answer 6

• it is a landlocked, largely mountainous country in Southwest Asia
• development held back by political instability
• most employed in agriculture
• 2013 HDI was 0.486

Question 7

Aghanistan 2014- what happened? Timeline

Answer 7

• before 2001 Taliban in control of 90% of country
• after 2001, fundamentalist government overthrown by USA and allies. Continued violation
• end of 2014- NATO led combat troops completed their mission. 10,000 advisory forces remain to train Afghan military
• May 2015- steps towards negiotiated peace with Taliban representatives
• 2016- attacks continue

Question 8

What human rights have been violated in Afghanistan

Answer 8

• kidnapping, detentions and torture
• extra judicial executions
• domestic violence towards women
• increased casulties among Afghan security forces and civilians

Question 9

Aghanistan 2014- global governance- UN

Answer 9

• interacting with Afghan government and NGOs to strengthen work of Aghanistan Independent human Rights Commission
• promote respect for international humanitarian and human rights laws
• promote accountability
• coordinate efforts of all organisations and communities to ensure protection

Question 10

Aghanistan 2014- global governance- Afghan government

Answer 10

• joined with the Economic Cooperation organisation and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
• attempts being made to pass a law to remove the quota for the number of women in the Afghanistan parliament- contributes to socio economic development

Question 11

Aghanistan 2014- global governance- Afghan Aid NGO

Answer 11

• sustainable rural development stragties
• co ordinates its project wok with that of the UN and Afghan government
• CARE International- humanitarian organisation to fight poverty

Question 12

Aghanistan 2014- positive consequences for rural communities

Answer 12

• Afghan Aid is working in the field to coordinate donor funding with the input of the Afghan government and local communtities- this has transformed lives on individuals and local communities
• local people now have greater freedom, women more intergrated in society and localy democractic practices have been strengthened
• local groups design and implement their own projects

Question 13

Aghanistan 2014- negative consequences for rural communities

Answer 13

• Ghor has become increasingly hostile and insecure
• poverty in Chaghcharan distict has led to families selling assets e.g. livestock
• basic rights have been neglected by the effects of the conflict e.g. gender inequality and access to services

Question 14

Aghanistan 2014- positive impacts for the urban neighbourhood

Answer 14

• UN Habitat working to coordinate the Afghan government, local government, community to councils and funding from the Japanese government
• CDCs locally elected and plans are submitted which reflect specific needs of the area e.g. upgrading housing and healthcare
• improved engagement of women in the project, employment opportunities, security of land tenture for informal settlements, improved roads and drainage

Question 15

Aghanistan 2014- negative consequences for urban neighbourhood

Answer 15

-denial of basic human rights plus rapid urban growth in Kabal has deprived local communities of many servicea

Question 16

Aghanistan 2014- positive impact on local communities

Answer 16

• Afghan government supported by international organisations to enagage in local community projects- local residents form their own plans and prioritise the areas where they live
• in 2014, 6 million children attended schools
• access to primary health care has increased from 9% in 2003 to over 50%
• work undertaken improves people’s lives through protection of human rights