4A - DNA,RNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Anticodon

Answer 1

The matching triplet of bases to a codon of RNA e.g. GGC and CCG

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

DNA Structure

Answer 3

Question 4

Proteome

Answer 4

The complete range of a proteins a cell can produce

Question 5

Translation

Answer 5

The second stage of protein synthesis in which amino acids are joined together by ribosomes to form a polypeptide

Question 6

RNA polymerase

Answer 6

The enzyme that lines up all the nucleotides and joins them together

Question 7

Universal

Answer 7

Found in all living organisms

Question 8

tRNA

Answer 8

RNA used in translation. Carries the amino acids used to make proteins to the ribosomes

Question 9

Polypeptide

Answer 9

A molecule that if formed from more than one amino acid

Question 10

Triplet

Answer 10

A series of three bases which codes for one amino acid in a protein

Question 11

Transcription

Answer 11

The first stage of protein synthesis in which an mRNA copy of a gene is made from DNA

Question 12

mRNA

Answer 12

Type of RNA that carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes

Question 13

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 13

A pair of matching chromosomes - each one contains the same genes

Question 14

Gene

Answer 14

A section of DNA which codes for a protein

Question 15

Genome

Answer 15

The complete set of genes in a cell

Question 16

Codon

Answer 16

A triplet of bases in DNA

Question 17

Allele

Answer 17

Different forms of the same gene

Question 18

Splicing

Answer 18

The removal of introns from pre mRNA and then joining up the exons to form mRNA

Question 19

Hydrogen bond

Answer 19

A type of bond formed between DNA bases

Question 20

Nucleotide

Answer 20

A monomer made up of pentose sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous organic base

Question 21

Locus

Answer 21

The position on a chromosome where a particular allele is found

Question 22

Base

Answer 22

A nitrogen containing molecule that forms part of a DNA molecule

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

A gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions in the cell take place

Question 24

Chromosomes

Answer 24

A thread like structure made up of one long DNA molecule

Question 25

RNA

Answer 25

Type of nucleic acid that contains ribose instead of deoxyribose and uracil instead of thymine

Question 26

DNA(Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 26

The molecule in all cells that stores genetic information

Question 27

Functional RNA

Answer 27

RNA molecules that aren’t mRNA

Question 28

Intron

Answer 28

A section of DNA within a gene that DOESN’T code for amino acids

Question 29

Ribosome

Answer 29

A small organelle that makes proteins

Question 30

Exon

Answer 30

A section of DNA within a gene that DOES codes for amino acids

Question 31

Differences between DNA in Eukaryotic and Prokaryoric cells.

Answer 31

Eukaryotes:

• DNA is wrapped around histone proteins
• Linear Chromosomes
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA

Prokaryotes:

• No DNA in a nucleus
• DNA is found is single looped chromosome
• Smaller DNA molecules

Question 32

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 32

Nucleus

Question 33

Where does translation take place?

Answer 33

Ribosomes

Question 34

Primary Structure of a protein

Answer 34

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 35

Secondary structure in protein

Answer 35

Hydrogen bonds pull the chain into regular patterns.

Question 36

Types of secondary structure

Answer 36

1. alpha - spirals/helix
2. beta - pleated sheets

Question 37

Tertiary structure in proteins

Answer 37

Proteins are folded even more than the secondary structure by hydrogen, ionic and disulfide bonds.

Question 38

Quaternary structure of proteins

Answer 38

Proteins that are made up of many polypeptide chains with teritary structures.

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44