2A - Cell Structure

Question 1

What is a prokaryotic organism

Answer 1

A single celled organism

Question 2

What is a Eukaryote

Answer 2

A multicellular organism with membrane bound organelles

Question 3

What organelles do a plant cell contain that an animal cell doesn’t contain?

Answer 3

Cellulose cell wall A vacuole Chloroplasts

Question 4

Are algae multicellular or unicellular?

Answer 4

Both. They can be unicellular(e.g. cholera) or multicellular (e.g. seaweed)

Question 5

What makes fungi cells diffrent to plant cells?

Answer 5

Cells walls made of chitin not cellulose

No chloroplasts

Question 6

How are cloroplasts differnt in plant and algal cells

Answer 6

Algal cells sometimes have one large chloroplast not many smaller ones

Question 7

What is this organelle and what is its function

Answer 7

Mitochonrion

Site of aerobic respiration where ADP becomes ATP

Question 8

What is this organelle and what is its function?

Answer 8

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Question 9

What is this organelle and what is its function?

Answer 9

Golgi Apparatus

Process and packages new lipids and proteins for secretion. Also makes lysosomes.

Question 10

What is this organelle and what is its function?

Answer 10

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes which are used to digest invading cells and break down parts of the cell

Question 11

What is this organelle and what is its function?

Answer 11

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Fold and processes proteins made at the ribosomes on its surface

Question 12

What is the function of the ribosomes

Answer 12

To synthesis proteins

Question 13

What organelle is covered with ribosomes

Answer 13

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Question 14

What is this organelle and what is its function?

Answer 14

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Synthesises and processes lipids

Question 15

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 15

Supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape

Question 16

What does the cell vacuole do? (PLANTS ONLY)

Answer 16

Helps to maintain pressuer insdide of the cell and keeps the cell rigid.

Question 17

What is a tissue

Answer 17

A group of the same specalised cells working together to perfom a specific function

Question 18

What is an organ?

Answer 18

Different tissues working together

Question 19

What is an organ system?

Answer 19

Diffrerent organs working together to perform a function

Question 20

What are plasmids

Answer 20

Small loop of DNA in prokaryotic cells outside of the main chromosome

Question 21

What types of cells contain flagellum and what is its function?

Answer 21

Prokaryotic cells

Movement/propulsion

Question 22

What is a capsule on a bacterial cell

Answer 22

A layer of slime that proects the cell from attacks by the imune system

Question 23

Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 23

Free floating as a single looped chromosome in the cytoplasm

Question 24

Explain the stages of binary fission

Answer 24

1. Circular DNA and plasmids replicate
2. Cell grows and loops of DNA move to opposite poles
3. Cytoplasm begins to divide
4. Cytoplasm fully divides and 2 daugher cells are produced each identical to the original

Question 25

Viruses are….

Answer 25

Acellular(they’re not cells)

Question 26

What is the name of the cell which a virus invades to reproduce in?

Answer 26

Host cell

Question 27

Describe the structure of a virus.

Answer 27

A core of genetic material covered in a protein coat called a capsid with attachment proteins

Question 29

Describe the process of viral replication

Answer 29

1. Virus attaches to the cell via attachment proteins and DNA or RNA is injected into the host cell
2. Virus uses the host cell’s mqachienery to reproduce
3. Eventually the cell becomes too full and bursts releasing the viruses

Question 30

Equation for magnification

Answer 30

magnification = size of image / size of real object

Question 31

What is resolution?

Answer 31

How detailed an image is. How well a microscope is able to distinguish between two points that are close together