2A - Cell Structure Flashcards
What is a prokaryotic organism
A single celled organism
What is a Eukaryote
A multicellular organism with membrane bound organelles
What organelles do a plant cell contain that an animal cell doesn’t contain?
Cellulose cell wall A vacuole Chloroplasts
Are algae multicellular or unicellular?
Both. They can be unicellular(e.g. cholera) or multicellular (e.g. seaweed)
What makes fungi cells diffrent to plant cells?
Cells walls made of chitin not cellulose
No chloroplasts
How are cloroplasts differnt in plant and algal cells
Algal cells sometimes have one large chloroplast not many smaller ones
What is this organelle and what is its function
Mitochonrion
Site of aerobic respiration where ADP becomes ATP
What is this organelle and what is its function?
Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
What is this organelle and what is its function?
Golgi Apparatus
Process and packages new lipids and proteins for secretion. Also makes lysosomes.
What is this organelle and what is its function?
Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes which are used to digest invading cells and break down parts of the cell
What is this organelle and what is its function?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Fold and processes proteins made at the ribosomes on its surface
What is the function of the ribosomes
To synthesis proteins
What organelle is covered with ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
What is this organelle and what is its function?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Synthesises and processes lipids
What does the cell wall do?
Supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape
What does the cell vacuole do? (PLANTS ONLY)
Helps to maintain pressuer insdide of the cell and keeps the cell rigid.
What is a tissue
A group of the same specalised cells working together to perfom a specific function
What is an organ?
Different tissues working together
What is an organ system?
Diffrerent organs working together to perform a function
What are plasmids
Small loop of DNA in prokaryotic cells outside of the main chromosome
What types of cells contain flagellum and what is its function?
Prokaryotic cells
Movement/propulsion
What is a capsule on a bacterial cell
A layer of slime that proects the cell from attacks by the imune system
Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell
Free floating as a single looped chromosome in the cytoplasm
Explain the stages of binary fission
- Circular DNA and plasmids replicate
- Cell grows and loops of DNA move to opposite poles
- Cytoplasm begins to divide
- Cytoplasm fully divides and 2 daugher cells are produced each identical to the original
Viruses are….
Acellular(they’re not cells)
What is the name of the cell which a virus invades to reproduce in?
Host cell
Describe the structure of a virus.
A core of genetic material covered in a protein coat called a capsid with attachment proteins
Describe the process of viral replication
- Virus attaches to the cell via attachment proteins and DNA or RNA is injected into the host cell
- Virus uses the host cell’s mqachienery to reproduce
- Eventually the cell becomes too full and bursts releasing the viruses
Equation for magnification
magnification = size of image / size of real object
What is resolution?
How detailed an image is. How well a microscope is able to distinguish between two points that are close together
