4a Flashcards
Competition
Interaction between individuals due to a shared require,net for a resource leading to a reduction in survivorship, growth or reproduction of at least some individuals
Interspecific competition
Two different species
Intraspecific
Same species
Sometimes influenced by human activity - weaker trees removed
6 types of competition
Chemical - chemicals to exclude (deterrent or toxic)
Consumptive - renewable resource (food)
Encounter - physical defence (aggression)
Overgrowth - overwhelming size
Pre-emptive - rapid colonisation
Territorial - feeding or breeding areas
R selected
Adapted to unpredictable conditions and opportunities for population growth
Small species
Short lived
High growth rate
Mobile
K selected
Adapted to predictable conditions
Large species
Long generations
Stronger competitor
Grimes classification
How the environment works. Look at notes
Mutualism
Organisms that interact to their mutual benefit
Symbiosis
Occupies a habitat provided by a host, for mutual benefit
Ecosystem engineering
Organisms that provide or engineer a habitat for other species but they might not always benefit.
Mutualism: pollinisation
Most pollinated flowers offer nectar which are carbohydrates that could have been used elsewhere. Although by attracting insects with nectar this helps the plants to reproduce
Mutualism: mycorrhizae
Fungi that improves the uptake of nutrients for vascular plants
Vam: vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza
80% of all flowering plants from temperate tropical climates
ECM: ecromycorrhizal fungi
Woody plants
Autogenic engineering
Direct transform environment via endogenous processes (tree growth)
Engineer remains apart of the engineered environment - tree providing habitat for woodpecker
Allogenic engineer
Change environment by transforming living or non living materials from one physical state to another.
Engineer is not necessarily apart of the permanent physical ecosystem structure - dam created a lake which was built by the engineer= beaver
