4a Flashcards
Competition
Interaction between individuals due to a shared require,net for a resource leading to a reduction in survivorship, growth or reproduction of at least some individuals
Interspecific competition
Two different species
Intraspecific
Same species
Sometimes influenced by human activity - weaker trees removed
6 types of competition
Chemical - chemicals to exclude (deterrent or toxic)
Consumptive - renewable resource (food)
Encounter - physical defence (aggression)
Overgrowth - overwhelming size
Pre-emptive - rapid colonisation
Territorial - feeding or breeding areas
R selected
Adapted to unpredictable conditions and opportunities for population growth
Small species
Short lived
High growth rate
Mobile
K selected
Adapted to predictable conditions
Large species
Long generations
Stronger competitor
Grimes classification
How the environment works. Look at notes
Mutualism
Organisms that interact to their mutual benefit
Symbiosis
Occupies a habitat provided by a host, for mutual benefit
Ecosystem engineering
Organisms that provide or engineer a habitat for other species but they might not always benefit.
Mutualism: pollinisation
Most pollinated flowers offer nectar which are carbohydrates that could have been used elsewhere. Although by attracting insects with nectar this helps the plants to reproduce
Mutualism: mycorrhizae
Fungi that improves the uptake of nutrients for vascular plants
Vam: vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza
80% of all flowering plants from temperate tropical climates
ECM: ecromycorrhizal fungi
Woody plants
Autogenic engineering
Direct transform environment via endogenous processes (tree growth)
Engineer remains apart of the engineered environment - tree providing habitat for woodpecker
