1a. Introduction And History

Question 1

Europe

Answer 1

No clear geographic distinction of Europe. Generally divided from Asia along the Ural Mountains, Caspian Sea and Black Sea

Driven by climate

Question 2

Biogeography

Answer 2

The study of past and present geographical distributions of plants and animals and other organisms

Question 3

Historical biogeography

Answer 3

The study of past distributions and the evolution of life

Question 4

Ecological biogeography

Answer 4

The study of modern relationships between organisms and the environment

Question 5

Conservation biogeography

Answer 5

The application of biogeographical principles to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity

Question 6

Brief history of biogeography

Answer 6

carolus Linnaeus = first person to start grouping animals and plants (taxonomy)

Expeditions in the 18th century brought new insights in the distribution of species

Paradigm shifts in biogeography with evolution

Altered due to plate tectonics = made sense of distribution of animals

Adolf engler = created first world map of botanic realms => highlighting dominant plant families in certain regions of the world. The realms discovered are still largely used today

Alfred Russel Wallace = posted first map of world terrestrial and zoogaphic regions based on taxonomic distribution of vertebrates = still used today

Question 7

Convergent evolution

Answer 7

Organisms independently evolve similar traits (in similar environments)

Question 8

History of ecological biogeography

Answer 8

Early observation that plant communities change with climate and geology

Question 9

Epiphytes

Answer 9

Grow on or attached to other living plants

Question 10

Therophytes

Answer 10

Are annual plants that survive as seeds

Question 11

Raunkiaer

Answer 11

Classification of life forms for depemial plants. Based on location of buds during cold or dry conditions