4.8-4.11 Selective breeding and genetic engineering Flashcards
If inbreeding occurs between animals what does this lead to a reduction of?
The gene pool
If there is a reduction in the gene pool, what would happen if the environment changes or if there was a new disease?
The species could become extinct
What does a small gene pool lead to?
A greater chance of genetic defects
Give the 4 steps for tissue culture
.Take the plant you would like to clone
.Using tweezers remove a piece of tissue from a fast growing region of the plant
.Using aseptic technique place the tissue on a special growth medium
.Once the tissue has been developed enough it can be transferred to compost for further growth
Give two benefits of tissue cukture
.produces lots of offspring with a specific desirable feature
.Increasing the number of crops resistant to bad weather
.Can help extremely endangered species or even bring back some species hat have become extinct
Give two risks of tissue culture
.The gene pool is reduced through producing clones meaning it is less likely the population survive if a disease arises
.Clones have a low survival rate and tend to have some genetic problems
.It may lead to human cloning
Define genetic engineering
A process which involves modifying the genome of an organism to introduce desirable characteristics
How are genes from chromosomes cut out in genetic engineering?
Using restriction enzymes
What are the same restriction enzymes used to cut out?
The vector into which the genes will be placed
What enzyme is used to attach the sticky ends?
Ligase enzymes
What is produced when you attach the sticky ends and the vector together?
recombinant gene product
In plants what cell is the vector placed into?
Meristem cells
