46: Endocrine Organ Histology

Question 1

Endocrine vs exocrine gland

Answer 1

Endocrine: ductless, release H into bloodstrem
Exocrine: release secretions into ducts that drain onto an epithelial surface

Question 2

Largest class of hormones

Answer 2

Peptide

Question 3

Three types of stimuli that control the amount of hormones in the blood

Answer 3

1. Humoral: ions and nutrients
2. Neuronal
3. Hormonal

Question 4

Endocrine cells are derived from what tissue type?

Answer 4

Epithelium

Question 5

Embryological origin of anterior and posterior pituitary

Answer 5

1. Anterior: from Rathke’s pouch, ectodermal diverticulum

2. Posterior: from infundibular diverticulum of diencephalon (also ectodermal)

Question 6

2 Acidophilic cells in anterior pituitary

Answer 6

1. Somatotopic cells

2. Mammotropic cells

Question 7

Three basophilic cells in anterior pituitary

Answer 7

1. Thyrotropic cells
2. Corticotropic cells
3. Gonadotropic cells

Question 8

Chromophobic cells in anterior pituitary

Answer 8

MSH secreting cells

Question 9

What cell type in anterior pituitary secretes MSH?

Answer 9

Corticotropic cells

Question 10

Only gland that stores its hormones extracellularly

Answer 10

Thyroid

Question 11

Synthesis and glycosylation of Thyroglobulin

Answer 11

Synthesized in RER, glycosylated in Golgi

Question 12

Mechanism of TSH releasing thyroid hormones

Answer 12

TSH stimulates internalization of thyroglobulin -> degraded into T3 and T4 -> T3/4 released from basal surface of follicle cells into circulation

Question 13

Mechanism of goiter

Answer 13

Follicle cells produce thyroglobulin but cant iodinated it to make TH -> increase TSH production -> follicles produce more colloid and thyroglobin with no T3/4 released

Question 14

Oxyphil cells in parathyroid glands

Answer 14

Unknown function, appear at puberty and increase with aging, are potentially aging principle cells

Question 15

Blood supply to adrenal glands

Answer 15

Branches of abdominal aorta and renal vessels

Question 16

How many different steroid hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 16

More than 25

Question 17

Arrangement of three layers of the adrenal cortex

Answer 17

1. Zona glomerulosa: clusters
2. Zona fasciculata: cords rich in lipids
3. Zona reticularis: branch-like networks

Question 18

Aldosterone function

Answer 18

Makes kidneys resorb Na -> retention of water -> increases blood volume

Question 19

Sx of Addison’s disease

Answer 19

Low blood glucose and Na, severe dehydration and low BP, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal pain

Question 20

Somatostatin function

Answer 20

Inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin, slowing nutrient entry into blood stream, also controls GI hormones

Question 21

Pancreatic dual blood supply

Answer 21

Has two arterial capillary flows. - one to islets, one to acini

Question 22

Hormone produced by skin

Answer 22

Vitamin D