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chemistry > 4.5.1 - crude oil > Flashcards

4.5.1 - crude oil Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a hydrocarbon

A

a compound made of hydrogen and carbon only

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2
Q

why does crude oil boil over a large range of temperatures

A

the different hydrocarbons in crude oil come in a huge variety of shapes and sizes

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3
Q

as the boiling points of hydrocarbons increase….

A
  • the fractions get darker in colour
  • the fractions get more viscous
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4
Q

what are names of the important fractions of crude oil

A
  • refinery gases
  • gasoline
  • kerosene
  • diesel
  • fuel oil
  • bitumen
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5
Q

uses of refinery gases

A

fuel for home cooking

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6
Q

uses of gasoline

A

fuel for cars

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7
Q

uses of kerosene

A

fuel for aircraft

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8
Q

uses of diesel

A

fuel for trains

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9
Q

uses of fuel oil

A

fuel for ships

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10
Q

uses of bitumen

A

making roads

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11
Q

order of crude oil fractions from light to dark

A
  1. refinery gases
  2. gasoline
  3. kerosene
  4. diesel
  5. fuel oil
  6. bitumen
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12
Q

order of crude oil fractions from low to high viscosity

A
  1. refinery gases
  2. gasoline
  3. kerosene
  4. diesel
  5. fuel oil
  6. bitumen
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13
Q

order of crude oil fractions from low to high molecular mass

A
  1. refinery gases
  2. gasoline
  3. kerosene
  4. diesel
  5. fuel oil
  6. bitumen
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14
Q

order of crude oil fractions from low to high BP

A
  1. refinery gases
  2. gasoline
  3. kerosene
  4. diesel
  5. fuel oil
  6. bitumen
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15
Q

how are crude oil fractions separated?

A

fractional distillation

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16
Q

what are temperatures like in the fractionating column

fractional distillation to separate crude oil fractions

A
  • hotter at bottom
  • colder at top
17
Q

how does a fractionating column work?

fractional distillation to separate crude oil fractions

A
  1. heated crude oil vapours enter the column
  2. vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, when they condense
  3. different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points
  4. similar vapours condense together as a fraction
18
Q

what are fractions

A

mixtures containing the hydrocarbons that boil in a particular temperature range

chemistry (45 decks)

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