3.4.1 - acids, bases and alkalis Flashcards
what is an acid
an H+ donor
what is a base
an H+ acceptor
what is an alkali
an OH- donor
what happens when acids dissolve?
acids dissolve then donate (release) H+ ions into the water
what happens when alkalis dissolve?
alkalis dissolve then donate (release) OH- ions into the water
what happens when bases dissolve?
bases dissolve then accept (take) H+ ions from the H2O molecules
but when an H2O molecule loses an H+ ions what’s leftover is an OH- ions
hydrochloric acid formula
HCl
nitric acid formula
HNO3
sulphuric acid formula
H2SO4
phosphoric acid formula
H3PO4
carbonic acid formula
H2CO3
sodium hydroxide formula
NaOH
potassium hydroxide formula
KOH
ammonium hydroxide formula
NH4OH
ammonia formula
NH3
what is a polyatomic ion
an ion that contains more than one atom
nirtic acid - HNO3
what is the formula and name of the polyatomic ion released by nitric acid?
NO-3
nitrate
sulphuric acid - H2SO4
what is the formula and name of the polyatomic ion released by sulphuric acid?
SO2-4
sulphate
phosphoric acid - H3PO4
what is the formula and name of the polyatomic ion released by phosphoric acid?
PO4 3-
phosphate
carbonic acid - H2CO3
what is the formula and name of the polyatomic ion released by carbonic acid?
CO2-3
carbonate
NH4OH
what is the formula and name of the polyatomic ion released by ammonium hydroxide?
NH4+
what do you have to use when multiplying polyatomic ions?
brackets
what would the formula be for:
Mg2+ NO3-
Mg(NO3)2
