4.4.2 Respiration Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is an exothermic reaction that continuously occurs in living cells, supplying all the energy needed for living processes.
What are the two types of respiration?
Respiration can take place aerobically (using oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen) to transfer energy.
What are the energy needs of organisms?
Organisms need energy for chemical reactions to build larger molecules, movement, and keeping warm.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
The equation for aerobic respiration is: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
What are the chemical symbols for glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water?
The chemical symbols are: C6H12O6 (glucose), O2 (oxygen), CO2 (carbon dioxide), and H2O (water).
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?
The equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles is: glucose → lactic acid.
Why is less energy transferred in anaerobic respiration?
Less energy is transferred in anaerobic respiration because the oxidation of glucose is incomplete.
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?
The equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast is: glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide.
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called fermentation, which has economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks.
How does the body respond to exercise?
During exercise, the heart rate, breathing rate, and breath volume increase to supply muscles with more oxygenated blood.
What happens if insufficient oxygen is supplied during exercise?
If insufficient oxygen is supplied, anaerobic respiration occurs in muscles, causing a build-up of lactic acid and creating an oxygen debt.
What is oxygen debt?
Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.
What is the role of energy transferred by respiration in metabolism?
The energy transferred by respiration is used for enzyme-controlled processes of metabolism that synthesize new molecules.
What are some processes included in metabolism?
Metabolism includes the conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen, and cellulose; formation of lipid molecules; use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids; respiration; and breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.
