4.3.1 Communicable diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease. They may be viruses, bacteria, protists, or fungi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can the spread of diseases be reduced or prevented?

A

The spread of diseases can be reduced or prevented through various methods such as vaccination, hygiene practices, and controlling vectors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do bacteria and viruses reproduce?

A

Bacteria and viruses may reproduce rapidly inside the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the symptoms of measles?

A

Measles shows symptoms of fever and a red skin rash.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the measles virus spread?

A

The measles virus is spread by inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is HIV and how does it affect the body?

A

HIV initially causes a flu-like illness and attacks the body’s immune cells, leading to AIDS if not controlled.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

HIV is spread by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids such as blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?

A

TMV is a widespread plant pathogen affecting many species, causing a distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern on leaves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes Salmonella food poisoning?

A

Salmonella food poisoning is caused by bacteria ingested in food or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

Gonorrhoea has symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge and pain on urinating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is gonorrhoea spread?

A

Gonorrhoea is spread by sexual contact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is rose black spot?

A

Rose black spot is a fungal disease causing purple or black spots on leaves, affecting plant growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes malaria?

A

Malaria is caused by protists that have a life cycle including mosquitoes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the non-specific defence systems of the human body?

A

The non-specific defence systems include the skin, nose, trachea and bronchi, and stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What role do white blood cells play in the immune system?

A

White blood cells help defend against pathogens through phagocytosis, antibody production, and antitoxin production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does vaccination prevent illness?

A

Vaccination introduces small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen to stimulate antibody production.

17
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Antibiotics are medicines that help cure bacterial diseases by killing infective bacteria inside the body.

18
Q

What is a concern regarding antibiotics?

A

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains is a major concern.

19
Q

What is the process of drug discovery?

A

Drug discovery involves extracting compounds from plants and microorganisms, followed by extensive testing for safety and efficacy.

20
Q

What is preclinical testing?

A

Preclinical testing is done in a laboratory using cells, tissues, and live animals.

21
Q

What occurs during clinical trials?

A

Clinical trials use healthy volunteers and patients to test the drug’s safety and determine the optimum dose.