4.3.3 Plant disease Flashcards
How can plant diseases be detected?
Plant diseases can be detected by stunted growth, spots on leaves, areas of decay (rot), growths, malformed stems or leaves, discolouration, and the presence of pests.
How can plant diseases be identified?
Identification can be made by reference to a gardening manual or website, taking infected plants to a laboratory to identify the pathogen, or using testing kits that contain monoclonal antibodies.
What types of pathogens can infect plants?
Plants can be infected by a range of viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens as well as by insects.
What is an example of a viral disease in plants?
Tobacco mosaic virus is an example of a viral disease in plants.
What is an example of a fungal disease in plants?
Black spot is an example of a fungal disease in plants.
What is an example of an insect that can damage plants?
Aphids are an example of insects that can damage plants.
What are some effects of ion deficiency in plants?
Stunted growth caused by nitrate deficiency and chlorosis caused by magnesium deficiency.
What is the role of nitrate ions in plants?
Nitrate ions are needed for protein synthesis and therefore growth.
What is the role of magnesium ions in plants?
Magnesium ions are needed to make chlorophyll.
What are some physical plant defence responses?
Physical defence responses include cellulose cell walls, tough waxy cuticle on leaves, and layers of dead cells around stems (bark on trees) which fall off.
What are some chemical plant defence responses?
Chemical plant defence responses include antibacterial chemicals and poisons to deter herbivores.
What are some mechanical adaptations in plants?
Mechanical adaptations include thorns and hairs to deter animals, leaves that droop or curl when touched, and mimicry to trick animals.
