4.2.2 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems Flashcards
What is the human digestive system?
An organ system where several organs work together to digest and absorb food.
What role do enzymes play in metabolism?
Enzymes catalyse specific reactions in living organisms due to the shape of their active site.
What is the ‘lock and key theory’?
A simplified model to explain enzyme action.
What are the main digestive enzymes?
Amylase, proteases, and lipases.
What do carbohydrases do?
Break down carbohydrates to simple sugars.
What is the function of amylase?
Amylase is a carbohydrase that breaks down starch.
What do proteases break down?
Proteins to amino acids.
What do lipases break down?
Lipids (fats) to glycerol and fatty acids.
What is the role of bile in digestion?
Neutralises hydrochloric acid and emulsifies fat to increase surface area for lipase action.
What is the structure of the human heart?
An organ that pumps blood in a double circulatory system.
What is the function of the right ventricle?
Pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange.
What is the function of the left ventricle?
Pumps blood around the rest of the body.
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
What is blood composed of?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What is coronary heart disease?
A condition where fatty material builds up inside coronary arteries, reducing blood flow.
What are stents used for?
To keep coronary arteries open.
What is the definition of health?
The state of physical and mental well-being.
How can diseases interact?
Defects in the immune system can increase susceptibility to infections.
What are lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases?
Diet, alcohol, and smoking.
What is a benign tumor?
A growth of abnormal cells contained in one area, usually within a membrane.
What is a malignant tumor?
Cancerous cells that invade neighboring tissues and spread throughout the body.
