4.4 Diversity

Question 1

What is genetic diversity?

Answer 1

The number of different alleles in a population

Question 2

What is gene flow?

Answer 2

Individuals from another population migrate into another and introduce their different alleles

Question 3

What is a genetic bottleneck?

Answer 3

An event which greatly reduces a population and so greatly reduces the number of alleles in the gene pool and so reduces genetic diversity

Question 4

Describe the founder effect

Answer 4

1) Few members of a population start a colony
- Small initial gene pool
2) Frequency of each allele may be v. different to original population
- Rare genetic disorder may be common

Question 5

What are the types of adaptations?

Answer 5

Behavioural
- Acting
Physiological
- Metabolism / hibernation
Anatomical
- Structure

Question 6

What are the types of selection?

Answer 6

Directional
- Alleles of one extreme more likely to survive
Stabilising
- Alleles towards the middle of the range
Disruptive
- Alleles of both extremes