2.1 Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are plasmodesmata?

A

Channels/holes in a plant cell walls to allow exchange with adjacent cells

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2
Q

What are plant cell walls made of?

A

Cellulose (β-glucose polymer)

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3
Q

What are fungi cell walls made of?

A

Chitin (polysaccharide)

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4
Q

What are bacteria cell walls made of?

A

Murein (glycoprotein polymer)

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5
Q

Differences between plant and animal cells

A
  • Plasmodemata
  • Chloroplast
  • Vacuole
  • Cell wall
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6
Q

Nucleoulus funtion

A

Production of ribosomes

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7
Q

What are ribosomes made of?

A

rRNA and proteins - 80s and 70s have different protein subunits

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8
Q

Nucleus structure

A

Nuclear envelope with many nuclear pores surrounding chromosomes and nucleoli

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9
Q

Nucleus function

A
  • House DNA
  • Site of transcription of DNA into mRNA to produce proteins
  • House nucleoli
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10
Q

Mitochondria structure

A

Oval shaped, double membrane, inner membrane folded to form cristae, matrix inside with enzymes, ribosomes and genetic information

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11
Q

Golgi apparatus structure

A

Groups of fluid filled, membrane bound flattened sacs

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12
Q

Golgi apparatus function

A
  • Process and package new lipids and proteins

- Produce lysosomes

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13
Q

RER structure

A

System of fluid filled space, membrane bound and covered with ribosomes

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14
Q

RER function

A

Folds and process proteins produced at attached ribosomes

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15
Q

SER structure

A

System of fluid filled space, membrane bound

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16
Q

SER function

A

Synthesise and process lipids

17
Q

Lysozyme structure

A

Round, membrane bound, no clear internal structures, filled with lysozymes

18
Q

Cell vacuole structure

A

Tonoplast membrane surrounding cell sap

- Cell sap = soln of sugar and salts

19
Q

3 functions of cell vacuole

A
  • Maintain pressure in cell ∴ rigidity
  • Prevents cell wilting
  • Isolates unwanted chemicals in cell
20
Q

Chloroplast structure

A

Flattened structure, double membrane, thick stroma, thylakoid membranes inside, thylakoids stacked into grana which are linked with lamellae (thin flat membrane extensions)

21
Q

Which types of cell photosynthesise?

A

Plant cells + algae

22
Q

Eukaryote DNA description

A

Linear-DNA which is histone/protein bound

23
Q

Prokaryote DNA description

A

Circular DNA in one long coiled strand not protein associated

24
Q

3 prokaryote only features

A
  • Plasmids (multiple?/0) (short loops of DNA not a part of main circular DNA molecule)
  • Flagella (multiple?/0)
  • Capsule made of secreted slime
25
Virus structure
No plasma membrane, no cytoplasm, no ribosomes | Core genetic material surrounded by protein coat/capsid with attachment proteins
26
Binary fission in prokaryotes steps (4)
1) Circular DNA strand and plasmids replicate 2) Cell gets bigger and the 2 circular DNA strands move to opposite poles of cell 3) Cytoplasm divides and new cell wall forms 4) 2 daughter cells with identical circular DNA formed and variable plasmid numbers
27
Virus replication
1) Virus attaches to host cell using attachment proteins complementary to receptor proteins 2) Virus injects core genetic material into host cell which replicates viral particles