4.2 Protein Synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
What is the difference between the genome and proteome?
A
Genome is complete set of genes in a cell
Proteome is the full range of proteins able to be produced
2
Q
Describe tRNA structure
A
Single polynucleotide strand folded into a clover shape
- Specific sequence of three bases at one end called anticodon
- Amino acid binding site on another side
3
Q
Describe mRNA strucutre
A
Single polynucleotide strand with adjacent sets of three bases called codons
4
Q
What does RNA polymerase do?
A
- Breaks H bonds between DNA strands - exposing it
- Lines up free floating RNA nucleotides alongside exposed base on template strand
- Catalyses formation of phosphodiester bonds between bases to form mRNA
5
Q
What is DNA splicing
A
- Turns pre-mRNA into mature mRNA by removing the introns which do not code for a polypeptide
6
Q
Where does DNA splicing occur?
A
Nucleus
7
Q
When does RNA polymerase detach from the DNA?
A
When it reaches the stop signal DNA sequence
8
Q
Describe translation
A
- mRNA attaches to ribosome
- tRNA with complementary anti-codon to mRNA attached by specific base bairing
- Attached amino acids condense a peptide bond between using energy from ATP
- tRNA molecule moves away and leaves amino acid
9
Q
When does translation end?
A
When there is a stop signal on the mRNA
