4.4 Flashcards
What are the 5 goals of genetic counselling?
(1) comprehend medical facts (2) appreciate hereditary (3)understand alternatives (4)course of action (5)adjust
What are the 4 models of genetic counselling?
Eugenic model, medical/preventative model, decision-making model, psychotherapy model
Ethical issues of carrier IDing?
stigmatization of ethnic populations, decreased options to care for those IDed as carriers, respect beliefs
What was the eugenic model?
social control that improves/impairs racial qualities of future generations physically or mentally. Forced sterilization if socially inadequate.
What was the medical/preventative model?
By shelton reed; non-directive approach that introduced genetic counseling. promotes autonomy but only info to offer.
What was the decision making model?
discovery of trisomys and genetics gave new options to better assess their risks and avoid a genetic disorder. more interactive process
What was the psychotherapy model?
deals with the powerful emotions that genetic information can provoke.
Define carrier ID
individuals dont have dz but risk of child with dz
Define carrier testing
individuals with risk bc of family hx
Define carrier screening
testing individuals w/o family hx
When is noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) recommended?
> or=35yo (maternal age), ultrasound showed incr risk of aneuploidy, another test showed incr risk of aneuploidy, parents w/ previous child w/ Down’s, parents w/ balanced translocation.
Limits of NIPS
$$, false positive, bc from placentra may not represent true genome (mosaic)
Ethical issues of NIPS
parents feel “SHOULD” do it; incr terminations, pregnancy tentative pending testing
Define genetic libertarians
right to full and complete accounting of all possible risks
define genetic empiricists
believe theres insuff evidence of penetrance to warrant sharing of finding and increases psych burden in parents
