4.3.2.1 Internal Energy Flashcards
Movement of solid particles:
particles in solid don’t move from place to place but do vibrate on the spot
Movement of liquid particles:
particles in liquid can move around each other
Movement of gas particles:
particles in gas move extremely rapidly
What do solid, liquid and gas particles all have?
kinetic energy
What other type of energy do particles have (exc. kinetic energy)?
- particles have potential energy
How does heating a substance affect its internal energy?
heating changes the energy stored within the system by increasing the energy of the particles that make up the system - this either raises the temperature of the system or produces a change of state
Heating a system (heating curve + explanation):
- solid - temp increase, kinetic E increase
- melting - potential E increase
- liquid - temp increase, kinetic E increase
- boiling - potential E increase
- gas - temp increase, kinetic E increase
Internal energy:
- internal energy is the total kinetic energy (due to movement of particles/molecules) and potential energy (due to intermolecular forces between particles and chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule) of all the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up a system
- internal energy = kinetic energy + potential energy
Thermal energy:
total energy of an object due to kinetic energy of the atoms and the molecules depending on its mass
Temperature:
a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules/particles
What does heat refer to?
thermal store of molecules + sum of their kinetic energies
What is kinetic energy of a particle due to?
kinetic energy of an individual particle is due to its speed
What is potential energy due to?
- forces between particles (intermolecular forces and chemical bonds) - these give the particles potential energy
- potential energy due to position of particles related to each other
How is energy stored in a system?
energy is stored inside a system by the particles (atoms and molecules)
