4.3 Public diplomacy

Question 1

” the manipulation of public opinion through the mass media for political ends”

Answer 1

Propaganda

Question 2

What are the targets of propaganda?

Answer 2

foreign public opinion, domestic public opinion, or both

Question 3

Propaganda is sometimes directed at…

Answer 3

achieving long term changes in opinion

Question 4

What was the “information work” during the Cold War?

Answer 4

Propaganda

Question 5

What was created during the world war 2 and the cold war to ensure that the residues they left were being used to build “information services”

Answer 5

Ministries of information

Question 6

What was the primary work of ministries of information during the ww2 and the cold war?

Answer 6

build “information services”

Question 7

What was the goal of the establishment of information sections?

Answer 7

Gathering information and sharing your national image to the hosting country

Question 8

what was public diplomacy linked to, that was launched by the League of Nations?

Answer 8

Open diplomacy

Question 9

At the end of the 19th century, public diplomacy was the term used to describe…

Answer 9

propaganda operations

Question 10

3 reasons why the importance of public diplomacy increased after WW1

Answer 10

1. The spread pf democracy
2. emergence of ideology and quasi-religious mode of political argument
3. The development of nuclear weapons increased the fear of war

Question 11

What is the aim of propaganda or public diplomacy?

Answer 11

to exert indirect influence on foreign governments by appealing to its people

Question 12

In what dramatic developments has propaganda played a key role?

Answer 12

the collapse of communism in Europe and the spread of islamist thinking

Question 13

On what types of attitudes/opinions do propaganda work best?

Answer 13

existing attitudes and well-disposed opinions

Question 14

“attempt to manage an international environment by an actor through commitment with another international actor.”

Answer 14

Traditional diplomacy

Question 15

“the intent of an international actor to manage the international environment through commitment to a foreign public.”

“an international actors attempt to manage the international environment through engagement with a foreign public.”(N.Cull)

“Communication task of a country with the foreign public”(M.Leonard)

“They are programs aimed an influencing public opinion abroad.” (Mannheim)

Answer 15

Public diplomacy

Question 16

Public diplomacy is a complement of the traditional diplomacy

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is critical to the success of public diplomacy?

Answer 17

Credibility for public opinion and content management for different targets

Question 18

Concepts of public diplomacy

Answer 18

• Interact with groups and private interests of a third country
• Intense communication with diplomats and correspondents
• Listen to the foreign public
• Change focus or even change high politics

Question 19

What did President Wilson talk about in 1919?

Answer 19

Publicity of diplomatic agreements versus the secrecy of the traditional diplomacy

Question 20

Origin of public diplomacy as a concept

Answer 20

Ed Gullion, dean of the Fletcher school of law and Diplomacy of Tuffts University, 1965

Question 21

Public diplomacy is an alternative to the word…

Answer 21

propaganda

Question 22

Public diplomacy would be the democratic equivalent to…

Answer 22

propaganda carried out by authoritarian regimes

Question 23

What distinguishes public diplomacy from propaganda?

Answer 23

interest in mutual benefit, cooperation and transparency.

Propaganda is coercive, imposes content and does not open space for dialogue and change

Question 24

In public diplomacy, the dissemination of ideas in order to attract resources and people has to be based on…

Answer 24

trust and understanding

Question 25

from what to the term "public diplomacy" get its name?

Answer 25

It is addressed to the public and to the public opinion

Question 26

Is the term "public opinion" coined to its public or private nature?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Public diplomacy can be carried out by private actors

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Public diplomacy is based on

Answer 28

Feedback, between an actor from the international relations and a public, national or foreign

Question 29

In public diplomacy, it is possible to include the contact between two opinions without any intervention by their respective states

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Factors that fostered public diplomacy

Answer 30

- changes in information allow information to be global and transparent -Role determining the new actors of IR: NGO, Civil society, company etc.. -Traditional diplomacy and PD: opacity versus transparency. Both are complementary. -

Question 31

Who is responsible for the formulation and direction of the public diplomacy?

Answer 31

The state

Question 32

Public diplomacy becomes a factor to achieve...

Answer 32

national objectives in IR, especially in times of crisis in certain countries

Question 33

Public diplomacy strategy should be consistent with...

Answer 33

the external policy strategy

Question 34

Actors in PD

Answer 34

- State - NGO - sports, athletes, celebrities, showbizz

Question 35

Bad reputation and the lack of trust by the public mean...

Answer 35

Low credibility for its actions

Question 36

4 Types of PD

Answer 36

1. Cultural diplomacy 2. Sport diplomacy 3. Economic and corporate diplomacy 4. Digital diplomacy

Question 37

What type of power is cultural diplomacy?

Answer 37

Intangible

Question 38

is cultural diplomacy diverse or monoistic?

Answer 38

diverse

Question 39

"prestige, a positive image, its ability to communicate outwardly, its openness to the outside, the exemplarity of its practices, attractiveness of its culture"

Answer 39

Cultural model

Question 40

When and who formulated the concept of cultural diplomacy?

Answer 40

Sun Tzu, almost 3 thousand years ago

Question 41

Three countries that may have significant participation in international scene thanks to its intangible power

Answer 41

1. Greece: the origin of democracy 2.Scandinavia 3 USA:hollywood

Question 42

What do anime and Kpop have in common?

Answer 42

They are both Cultural diplomacy from the asian pop culture

Question 43

Was the use of Kpop and anime as a diplomatic tool planned by korea and japan?

Answer 43

No. not until a few years ago.

Question 44

What did the Prime Minister of Japan call pop culture in 2006?

Answer 44

"new ally of Japanese diplomacy"

Question 45

Th reason that Paris was not bombed during WW2

Answer 45

it is perceived as jewels of humanity that made it untouchable in the eyes of any reasonable strategist. Therefore, culture is important even in war times

Question 46

Individuals can also be actors in cultural diplomacy

Answer 46

True

Question 47

In international politics it would be a question of managing this narrative:

Answer 47

Presenting its country to the world with the greatest "attractiveness" possible

Question 48

What do cultural institutes do?

Answer 48

1. Language learning 2. Develop specialised libraries in multimedia 3. Finance seminars and exhibitions of art or technology 4. Show movies 5. Advise foreign students

Question 49

Most of the institutions that teach language in the region are state financed

Answer 49

False. They are self-financing

Question 50

Culture as an instrument of FP

Answer 50

Soft power

Question 51

Why are exchange programs seen as public diplomacy?

Answer 51

they involve the "human factor" developing cross-border relations that reduce conflicts

Question 52

The role of the MFA in PD

Answer 52

- Providing embassies with printed and other publicity materials for distribution and training of their press and public affairs officers - Dealing with foreign correspondents based in the capital - Putting out their own propaganda directly, in recent years especially via their multi-language version websites - Funding associated broadcasting organizations and cultural and educational bodies, whose audiences are, in the main, the next generation of decision-makers and opinion-leaders

Question 53

Is it true that some of the most effective public diplomacy has been conducted by bodies with a marked degree of independence from state control

Answer 53

Yes. Ex. BBC and Al Jazeera

Question 54

Can the embassy play a role in the public diplomacy?

Answer 54

Yes, but only if there is not a risk that the ambassadors propaganda is seen as an interference with the domestic affairs of the state

Question 55

Why are resident ambassadors well placed to engage in public diplomacy?

Answer 55

They are attractive to the local media as interviewees and to a variety of local bodies as speakers. They are the most authoritative representative of their governments and will not expect fees or payments of their expenses

Question 56

"almost all embassies have and officer who is required to devote at least some time to handling the local media and trying to coordinate the activities of local representatives of any public diplomacy partner."

Answer 56

"Press attache" or "Information officer"

Question 57

What do the role of the information officer involve?

Answer 57

- Distributing publicity material | - "working the media."

Question 58

What does "working the media" mean?

Answer 58

Persuading local journalists to run friendly stories. Sometimes even bribing

Question 59

A promotional campaign carried out by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will, in the best of cases, be perceived as....

Answer 59

Institutional advertising

Question 60

A promotional campaign carried out by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will, in the worst of cases, be perceived as...

Answer 60

Political propaganda of the party in power

Question 61

Two additional actors in public diplomacy

Answer 61

1. Autonomous communities | 2. Local authorities

Question 62

What are examples of autonomous communities and local authorities in public diplomacy?

Answer 62

- Tourism promotion campaigns - Cultural agencies - Cooperation development - fellowship programs and exchange

Question 63

An example of fellowship programs and exchange at community level

Answer 63

The town-twinning programme

Question 64

Who are the best actors in public diplomacy?

Answer 64

The private actors as they do not run the risk of being perceived as propaganda

Question 65

Example of sport diplomacy

Answer 65

Ping-pong diplomacy and ballet diplomacy