4.1 Diplomatic instruments Embassies and consulates

Question 1

5 national interests defined by each state

Answer 1

1. Sovereignty and independence
2. Territorial integrity
3. Economic prosperity
4. Freedom and human rights
5. International prestige and softpower

Question 2

4 instruments of foreign policy, used to defend the national interest

Answer 2

1. Political/diplomatic
2. Security/military
3. Economic
4. social/cultural

Question 3

? consist of communication between officials, designed to promote foreign policy either by formal agreement or tacit adjustment

? is the dialogue between states

? is bargaining

Answer 3

Classic Diplomacy

Question 4

What is the chief purpose of diplomacy?

Answer 4

To secure the objectives of their foreign policy without having to use force, propaganda or law

Question 5

By whom is the classic diplomacy carried out?

Answer 5

Professional diplomatic agents, other officials and private persons under the direction of officials

Question 6

Where is the foreign policy framed?

Answer 6

Ministry of foreign affairs

Question 7

Diplomacy means…

Answer 7

The art of negotiation

Question 8

The two core functions of diplomacy

Answer 8

1. representation: The representation of the diplomatic actor him/herself show that he/she wishes to establish and maintain a relationship or dialogue
2. Communication: Between individuals that are entrusted with representing or speaking for nation-states

Question 9

What is foreign policy?

Answer 9

The objectives of the state. Outstretch of domestic policy

Question 10

Diplomacy analysis focuses on…

Answer 10

interactions between the actors

Question 11

Diplomacy is an important means to achieve

Answer 11

FP goals

Question 12

a subsidiary component of diplomacy that focuses on the visible rituals of diplomatic interactions

Answer 12

Protocol

Question 13

What type of actors can use diplomacy?

Answer 13

1. governments
2. Multilateral institutions
3. Civil society organizations
4. Large firms

Question 14

What is the origin of Classic diplomacy?

Answer 14

The Westphalian system

Question 15

Characteristics of the classic diplomacy during the 18th and 19th century

Answer 15

• Governments exchanged permanent representation that became professional diplomats
• Equality in the way governments received, recognized and appointed representatives of other states
• Governments consulted one another regularly through their diplomats
• Diplomatic protocols regularized how diplomats would behave

Question 16

A corpse of professional diplomats posted in the same city from around the world, who share knowledge and relationships to facilitate the conduct of diplomatic business. Usually chaired informally by the longest-serving ambassador or head of mission. Each has its own customs, norms and hierarchy.

Answer 16

Corps Diplomatiques

Question 17

Reasons to a change on the view of diplomacy

Answer 17

• Sovereignty no longer implies functional equality for nation-states as diplomatic actors
• Dramatic increase of formally sovereign nation-states
• Diversion in population, size and wealth
• Many new nation- states Receive and send fewer permanent bilateral diplomatic missions
• New-nation states run small foreign ministries with less capacities.
• The rise of multilateral organizations as venues for conducting diplomatic business

Question 18

Diplomacy is the only instrument that is traditionally used in foreign policy to defend your national interest as a state

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Diplomacy between two countries

Answer 19

Bilateral diplomacy

Question 20

Diplomacy between more than two countries

Answer 20

Multilateral diplomacy

Question 21

Diplomatic relations used to be the main, or only, way to communicate with foreign governments. What is different now?

Answer 21

There are many other official/unofficial channels. Ex: telephone, email, social media

Question 22

What makes professional diplomats useful?

Answer 22

• Ability to obtain information from local sources
• Knowledge of local language and culture
• Negotiation skills
• Serve as advisors to decision makers, and are especially important to those with little knowledge of international affairs

Question 23

How do people become diplomats in spain?

Answer 23

They are selected through a competitive entrance exam. Then the best candidates have to spend a year studying at the diplomatic school before they can go and work abroad

Question 24

3 types of diplomatic missions

Answer 24

1. embassy. as the states official representation in a foreign country
2. consulate that gives assistance to their citizens in a foreign country
3. A permanent mission. an embassy to an international organization

Question 25

Who works at the embassies?

Answer 25

1. Ambassador. The head of mission 2. Minister counsellor. 3. counsellors 4.secretaries Attaches

Question 26

Who is the head of mission?

Answer 26

The ambassador

Question 27

Who replaces the ambassador if he is absent?

Answer 27

Charge d'affaires

Question 28

Who can be an ambassador?

Answer 28

A career diplomat or a political ambassador.

Question 29

Do all embassies have a minister counsellor?

Answer 29

No, only the largest embassies

Question 30

What to attaches do?

Answer 30

Work in specific policy areas. Ex: defence attache, cultural attache

Question 31

Play an important role as a symbol of friendship between states. Usually brought by foreign delegations to the host government, and receive others in return

Answer 31

Decorations

Question 32

A sealed package, container, envelope used to transport official documents between an embassy in a foreign country and their home country

Answer 32

Diplomatic pouch

Question 33

According to international law, a diplomatic pouch can not be...

Answer 33

Detained, opened, searched or even x-rayed

Question 34

Strange contents transported in diplomatic pouches

Answer 34

- Submarine mines - Kidnapped spies - Drugs - Toilet for International space station

Question 35

Diplomacy in a broader sense refers to...

Answer 35

All political contacts between senior government officials of different countries. Not only diplomats

Question 36

Example of presidential diplomacy

Answer 36

Presidential phone call from the white house

Question 37

Realist view of diplomacy

Answer 37

military force is important to support your diplomacy

Question 38

1. Avoid nationalistic universalism. Do not impose your goals to the rest 2. Employ a narrow definition of the nationalistic interest. Mainly the survival and maintenance of socioeconomic well-being 3. What are the real, vital national interest to the state 4. Try to see the other sides point of view. You can not push your enemy 5. Distinguish between what is real and what is illusory. Don't let honor and credibility overgo real national security issues 6. Do not let an ally to make decisions for you. Don't fight someone else's fight 7. Listen to your generals, but take your own decisions. Keep military factors subordinate to political ones 8. Don't surrender to popular passion, but don't disregard them Especially in democratic countries, elected officials need popular support

Answer 38

Rules of the diplomatic game from a realist perspective