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Foreign affairs Final exam > 4.1 Diplomatic instruments Embassies and consulates > Flashcards

4.1 Diplomatic instruments Embassies and consulates Flashcards

1
Q

5 national interests defined by each state

A
  1. Sovereignty and independence
  2. Territorial integrity
  3. Economic prosperity
  4. Freedom and human rights
  5. International prestige and softpower
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2
Q

4 instruments of foreign policy, used to defend the national interest

A
  1. Political/diplomatic
  2. Security/military
  3. Economic
  4. social/cultural
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3
Q

? consist of communication between officials, designed to promote foreign policy either by formal agreement or tacit adjustment

? is the dialogue between states

? is bargaining

A

Classic Diplomacy

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4
Q

What is the chief purpose of diplomacy?

A

To secure the objectives of their foreign policy without having to use force, propaganda or law

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5
Q

By whom is the classic diplomacy carried out?

A

Professional diplomatic agents, other officials and private persons under the direction of officials

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6
Q

Where is the foreign policy framed?

A

Ministry of foreign affairs

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7
Q

Diplomacy means…

A

The art of negotiation

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8
Q

The two core functions of diplomacy

A
  1. representation: The representation of the diplomatic actor him/herself show that he/she wishes to establish and maintain a relationship or dialogue
  2. Communication: Between individuals that are entrusted with representing or speaking for nation-states
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9
Q

What is foreign policy?

A

The objectives of the state. Outstretch of domestic policy

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10
Q

Diplomacy analysis focuses on…

A

interactions between the actors

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11
Q

Diplomacy is an important means to achieve

A

FP goals

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12
Q

a subsidiary component of diplomacy that focuses on the visible rituals of diplomatic interactions

A

Protocol

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13
Q

What type of actors can use diplomacy?

A
  1. governments
  2. Multilateral institutions
  3. Civil society organizations
  4. Large firms
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14
Q

What is the origin of Classic diplomacy?

A

The Westphalian system

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15
Q

Characteristics of the classic diplomacy during the 18th and 19th century

A
  • Governments exchanged permanent representation that became professional diplomats
  • Equality in the way governments received, recognized and appointed representatives of other states
  • Governments consulted one another regularly through their diplomats
  • Diplomatic protocols regularized how diplomats would behave
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16
Q

A corpse of professional diplomats posted in the same city from around the world, who share knowledge and relationships to facilitate the conduct of diplomatic business. Usually chaired informally by the longest-serving ambassador or head of mission. Each has its own customs, norms and hierarchy.

A

Corps Diplomatiques

17
Q

Reasons to a change on the view of diplomacy

A
  • Sovereignty no longer implies functional equality for nation-states as diplomatic actors
  • Dramatic increase of formally sovereign nation-states
  • Diversion in population, size and wealth
  • Many new nation- states Receive and send fewer permanent bilateral diplomatic missions
  • New-nation states run small foreign ministries with less capacities.
  • The rise of multilateral organizations as venues for conducting diplomatic business
18
Q

Diplomacy is the only instrument that is traditionally used in foreign policy to defend your national interest as a state

A

False

19
Q

Diplomacy between two countries

A

Bilateral diplomacy

20
Q

Diplomacy between more than two countries

A

Multilateral diplomacy

21
Q

Diplomatic relations used to be the main, or only, way to communicate with foreign governments. What is different now?

A

There are many other official/unofficial channels. Ex: telephone, email, social media

22
Q

What makes professional diplomats useful?

A
  • Ability to obtain information from local sources
  • Knowledge of local language and culture
  • Negotiation skills
  • Serve as advisors to decision makers, and are especially important to those with little knowledge of international affairs
23
Q

How do people become diplomats in spain?

A

They are selected through a competitive entrance exam. Then the best candidates have to spend a year studying at the diplomatic school before they can go and work abroad

24
Q

3 types of diplomatic missions

A
  1. embassy. as the states official representation in a foreign country
  2. consulate that gives assistance to their citizens in a foreign country
  3. A permanent mission. an embassy to an international organization
25
Q

Who works at the embassies?

A
  1. Ambassador. The head of mission
  2. Minister counsellor.
  3. counsellors
    4.secretaries
    Attaches
26
Q

Who is the head of mission?

A

The ambassador

27
Q

Who replaces the ambassador if he is absent?

A

Charge d’affaires

28
Q

Who can be an ambassador?

A

A career diplomat or a political ambassador.

29
Q

Do all embassies have a minister counsellor?

A

No, only the largest embassies

30
Q

What to attaches do?

A

Work in specific policy areas. Ex: defence attache, cultural attache

31
Q

Play an important role as a symbol of friendship between states. Usually brought by foreign delegations to the host government, and receive others in return

A

Decorations

32
Q

A sealed package, container, envelope used to transport official documents between an embassy in a foreign country and their home country

A

Diplomatic pouch

33
Q

According to international law, a diplomatic pouch can not be…

A

Detained, opened, searched or even x-rayed

34
Q

Strange contents transported in diplomatic pouches

A
  • Submarine mines
  • Kidnapped spies
  • Drugs
  • Toilet for International space station
35
Q

Diplomacy in a broader sense refers to…

A

All political contacts between senior government officials of different countries. Not only diplomats

36
Q

Example of presidential diplomacy

A

Presidential phone call from the white house

37
Q

Realist view of diplomacy

A

military force is important to support your diplomacy

38
Q
  1. Avoid nationalistic universalism. Do not impose your goals to the rest
    1. Employ a narrow definition of the nationalistic interest. Mainly the survival and maintenance of socioeconomic well-being
    2. What are the real, vital national interest to the state
    3. Try to see the other sides point of view. You can not push your enemy
    4. Distinguish between what is real and what is illusory. Don’t let honor and credibility overgo real national security issues
    5. Do not let an ally to make decisions for you. Don’t fight someone else’s fight
    6. Listen to your generals, but take your own decisions. Keep military factors subordinate to political ones
    7. Don’t surrender to popular passion, but don’t disregard them
      Especially in democratic countries, elected officials need popular support
A

Rules of the diplomatic game from a realist perspective

Foreign affairs Final exam (7 decks)

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