4.3 Costal Landscapes

Question 1

What are the two main rock types and one example of each one

Answer 1

Hard rock - Granite

Soft rock- clay, chalk

Question 2

Give one example of a concordant coastline and a landform

Answer 2

Dorset coastline
Coves cliffs
Lulworth cove

Question 3

What part of headlands and bays are hard rock and soft rock

Answer 3

Bay is soft rock

Headland is hard rock

Question 4

How many types of rocks are at a concordant coastline

Answer 4

One rock type

Question 5

How many types of rock are at a discordant coastline

Answer 5

Multiple

Question 6

How does a wave cut platform form

Answer 6

The wave erodes a cliff, hydraulic action occurs and abrasion occurs. The erosion happens between low tide and high tide. This creates a wave cut notch. The rock above the cliff is unsupported, the cliff collapses leaving a gently sloping platform. The wave now erodes the new cliff line and a wave cut notch is formed, again it collapses and the wave cut platform increases in width.

Question 7

What is a concordant coastline and give an example of the rock type

Answer 7

A concordant coastline is when one rock is paralell to the sea such as limestone in swanage. Usally tjere are cliffs on the coast and no headlands and bays.

Question 8

Name three ways rocks erode out at sea

Answer 8

Abrasion,carbonation,hydraulic action,solution attrition

Question 9

What is hydraulic action

Answer 9

when a wave breaks against a cliff, air and water is forced into cracks in the cliffs and increases pressure,
causing rocks to break off.

Question 10

What is abrasion

Answer 10

When waves break, the sediment (rock) is thrown and rubbed against the cliff.

Question 11

What is solution

Answer 11

Weak acids in sea water (caused through the transpiration of plants) will slowly dissolve certain types of rock such as chalk and limestone and they contain calcium carbonate

Question 12

What is attrition

Answer 12

Waves cause rocks and pebbles to smash into each other and become smaller and more rounded

Question 13

How do waves break

Answer 13

Wind blows over water and causes friction Water molecules in waves move in a circular orbit as energy moves through water
When a wave moves into shallow water, friction from the seabed slows down the waves– the wave is elliptical The wave becomes more elliptical and height increases.The water starts to rush forward the wave is breaking The water rushes up the beach as swash and deposits sediment on the beach The water rushes down the beach as backwash and removes sediment from the beach

Question 14

Name two techniques used to protect a beach

Answer 14

groynes and sea wall.

Question 15

Give three characteristics of summer waves

Answer 15

Adds sediment to the beach 
Stronger swash than backwash
Not very frequent
Long wavelength
Low wave height
Surging waves forwards
Adds sediment to the beach

Question 16

Give three characteristics of winter waves

Answer 16

High wave height
Short wavelength 
plunging waves down 
takes sediment from the beach
very frequent waves