4.3 - Australia

Question 1

what was the number of male convicts transported to Australia from 1821-30 compared to 1831-40?

Answer 1

1821-30 = 29k
1831-40 = 44k

Question 2

when did the free population outnumber the prison population + what were these populations?

Answer 2

1828
free = 21k
prison = 16k

Question 3

when did the first organised attempt to develop a free settlement in Australia take place?

Answer 3

1829

Question 4

who dominated the whaling and sealing industries?

Answer 4

Emancipists + Currency

Question 5

when did the colony grow enough grain to feed itself + shift from our subsistence farming?

Answer 5

1805

Question 6

when did the wool industry explode?

Answer 6

1820-1840

Question 7

who was on the expedition to the Blue Mountains + who led it?

Answer 7

Blaxland, Lawson + Wentworth
led by an Aboriginal

Question 8

what did Blaxland say about the Blue Mountains?

Answer 8

there was enough grazing to support the colony for 30 years

Question 9

when was the Australian Agricultural Company established by Royal Charter + how many acres were they given in NSW?

Answer 9

1824
1 mil

Question 10

when did the 1st Europeans cross the Blue Mountains?

Answer 10

1813

Question 11

when did sheep farming begin?

Answer 11

1825

Question 12

why was Western Australia settled?

Answer 12

• to forestall any such move by the French
• to provide a useful trading link with India + China

Question 13

when did the 1st British settlers arrive in Western Australia?

Answer 13

1829

Question 14

how many colonists did Western Australia have by 1832?

Answer 14

1,500

Question 15

what did the settlement in Western Australia show?

Answer 15

Britain no longer views Australia as an open prison but as a source of potential wealth + opportunity

Question 16

why was Macquarie later criticised for his actions in NSW?

Answer 16

people began to wonder if the colony was acting as the deterrent it was meant to
- reports from judges of defendants requesting transportation at sentencing – led to Bigge Report (1819)

Question 17

when was the Bigge Report?

Answer 17

1819

Question 18

why was the Bigge Report commissioned + what did it find?

Answer 18

• to investigate if transportation was any longer an efficient punishment
• Macquarie had taken the colony the wrong way - tickets of leave, land grands, early pardons should be taken away and convicts should be assigned to sheep farms rather than public works programmes

Question 19

when was the NSW Act?

Answer 19

1823

Question 20

what did the NSW aim to do?

Answer 20

alter the position of Govs in existing colonies + paved the way for self-gov

Question 21

what did the NSW lead to?

Answer 21

• Legislative council created (Exclusives served + advised Govs, with 15 members) similar to Canada + Caribbean governance
• jusice system became independent of the Gov + SC established
• VDL was to operate as a separate colony with a separate political + legal system