4.1 - Australia Flashcards
how did the first British penal colony in Australia develop as a settlement?
why did Britain chose to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay?
- penal crisis
- cook’s voyage
- loss of American colonies
- prevent French claim to the land
why did Phillip decide to move the colony away from Botany Bay + where did they go?
- BB lacked fresh water supply + soil was unsuitable for cultivation
- went to Sydney Cove instead
what did London hope the colony would become in 4 years from the initial settlement?
self-sufficient
how long did Phillip spend prepping for the First Fleet + why was this important?
- extra 6 months than Home Secretary (Lord Sydney) hoped for
- meant a high level of survival - death rate only 3% on First Fleet
how many convicts did Phillip send to Norfolk Island in 1790?
183
why was establishing a second colony at Norfolk Island important?
it was the habitat of the ‘mutton bird’ so the colony could eat that
rations for the rest of the colony were enough to survive
when did Phillip insist that food rations be shared equally + what did this lead to?
1st April 1790
resentment by marines
when did Phillip give the first land grant + to who?
1791
James Ruse
when did the Second Fleet arrive + why was this crucial?
June 1790
brought vital supplies of livestock + crops
when were the NSW Corps removed by Macquarie + why was this important?
1809
caused tensions with Empancipists + Currency
