3.1 - America

Question 1

when was the Boston Massacre + what happened?

Answer 1

• 5th March 1770
• 5 Bostonians killed as Redcoats shot into a mob protesting the Townshend Duties

Question 2

how were the British + American colonies so different in terms of
- land
- franchise + democracy
- government ?

Answer 2

land: USA most men owned + worked on own land. UK most rented from the wealthy
franchise: USA at least 50%, sometimes 80% of adult males. UK just 1/10 men
gov: USA colonial legislative assemblies (13). UK Parliamentary sovereignty

Question 3

what was one major cause of the American Revolution?

Answer 3

taxation w/o representation

Question 4

when were the Townshend Duties passed + what did they do?

Answer 4

1767
Duties on imported goods such as lass, wine lead, tea etc

Question 5

why was the Boston Massacre not the start of the American War of Independence?

Answer 5

• British repeal of Townshend Duties
• existence of a no. of loyalists in colonies
• lack of unity between the colonists

Question 6

when were the ‘years of calm’ + what did they show?

Answer 6

1770-73
dampening down of tensions but no resolution of the issues that divided the colonists from the British

Question 7

what % of the population were loyalists, patriots + neutral?

Answer 7

Loyalists = 20%
patriots = 40-45%
neutral 35-40%

Question 8

when was the setting up of a Committee of Correspondence suggested + by who?

Answer 8

Sep 1771
Sam Adams

Question 9

when was the Tea Act passed?

Answer 9

1773

Question 10

why was the Tea Act passed?

Answer 10

to grant a monopoly on tea trade to the British EIC

Question 11

how did the colonies respond to the Tea Act?

Answer 11

• saw it as another attempt to tax Americans illegally
• Committee of Correspondence condemned the Act + encouraged boycotts
• Tea sent to Philly + NY was rejected + sent back
• tea landed in Charleston, not offered for sale
• Boston Tea Party

Question 12

when did the Boston Tea Party occur + what happened?

Answer 12

16th Dec 1773
60 Sons of Liberty threw 342 chests of tea overboard

Question 13

how did the British react to the Boston Tea Party?

Answer 13

• wanted to isolate Boston + Massachusetts + lock down the city - military control
• Coercive/Intolerable Acts to isolate Boston + force patriots into submission

Question 14

what did the Coercive/Intolerable Acts of 1774 do?

Answer 14

• imposed greater tax (Boston port closed till tea paid for)
• took away franchise (gov could appoint officials)
• removed right to jury by peers
• took away liberties (gave more powers to military commanders to arrange quartering of troops)