4.2.2 Classification And Evolution Flashcards
what is a species?
two individuals that can breed together to produce fertile offspring
what’s the order of axons in a natural classification system?
- domain
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
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what’s an advantage of the binomial naming system?
it is universal
what are the five kingdoms?
- prokaryote
- protoctista
- fungi
- plantae
- animalia
what are the features of a prokaryote?
- no membrane bound organelles
- cell wall is present and made of peptidoglycan
- it is heterotrophic and does digestion externally
- autotrophic and saptitrophic
- unicellular
what are the features of protoctista?
- have membrane bound organelles
- cell wall sometimes present and made of different compositions
- hetero and autotrophic
- unicellular and multicellular
what are the features of fungi?
- have membrane bound organelles
- cell wall present and made of chitin
- heterotrophic and does digestion externally
- saprotrophic
- multi cellular or unicellular
- multi- nuclear
what are the features of plantae?
- have membrane bound organelles
- cell wall present and made of cellulose
- autotrophic as it performs photosynthesis
- multicellular
what are the features of animalia?
- have membrane bound organelles
- cell wall is absent
- heterotrophic
- multicellular
how can you group species and show they’re from a common ancestor?
- physical features
- dna
- biochemistry - cytochrome C
- rNA
- behaviour
how can dna be used to link species?
a particular piece of DNA or RNA would code for the same protein in different species
how can comparing biochemistry proteins help group species?
- by comparing amino acids
- similar amino acids = species closely related
what is the main reason that life is now classified into 3 domains?
- differences in
- protein synthesis in organisms
what are the 3 domains?
- bacteria
- archaea
- eukarya
why is the 3 domains better than the 5 kingdoms?
- many fundamental differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- eukaryotes all have membrane bound organelles
- many fundamental differences between bacteria and archaea
- bacteria and archaea have different RNA polymerase
what’s classification?
- placing living things into categories
- based upon similarities or differences
what’s phylogeny?
closeness of evolutionary relationships
what’s the relationship between classification and phylogeny?
modern classification reflects phylogeny
what can you learn from fossils?
- fossils found in sediments underground are older than those above it
- fossils show organisms change over time
- simple animals in older rocks
what’s archaeopteryx?
- shows links
- many fossil organisms died off
- compares DNA in fossils
what’s interspecific and intraspecific variation?
inter = variation between species
intra = variation within a species
what is continuous data?
- no distinct categories
- determined by several genes
- effected by environment
what’s discontinuous data?
- presented on bar chart
- distinct categories
- determined by one gene
- unaffected by environment
- no intermediate values
what’s anatomical adaptations?
aka structural e.g flagella on bacteria
