4.1.1 Diseases, Immune System Flashcards
1
Q
what is an immune response?
A
response to an antigen which involves lymphocytes and production of antibodies
2
Q
how is TB spread and what causes it?
A
- caused by a bacterium
- spread through droplets of water in the air released through coughing then inhaled
3
Q
how is bacterial meningitis spread?
A
- caused by bacteria
- spread through touch (eg kissing)
4
Q
how is ring rot transmitted in potato’s and tomato’s?
A
- through insects, a vector
- indirect transmission
- protoctists
5
Q
what does HIV stand for?
A
human immunodeficiency virus
6
Q
what does aids stand for?
A
autoimmune deficiency
7
Q
what does HIV do and how does it lead to AIDS?
A
- destroys T helper cells in the immune system
- resistance to infection is lowered
- less antibodies produced
- opportunistic infections (eg a cold) can eventually kill the person
8
Q
how is influenza spread and caused?
A
- caused by a virus
- spread by coughs and sneezes in the air
- also by $*touching contaminated surfaces**
- direct and indirect transmission
9
Q
how is tobacco mosaic virus spread?
A
- caused by RNA virus
- spread through leaves of different plants rubbing together
- direct transmission
10
Q
how is malaria caused and spread?
A
- caused by an animal vector
- carried in salivary glands and mosquito feeds on a human by biting them
- plasmodium then infects liver cells and erythrocytes causing disruption to blood flow in vital organs
11
Q
how is potato/tomato late blight caused and spread?
A
- caused by protoctists
- spread by water
- indirect contact
12
Q
how is ring worm caused and spread?
A
- caused by fungi
- spread by direct contact
13
Q
how is athletes foot caused and spread?
A
- caused by fungi
- spread by direct contact with skin particles in shoe, ground etc.
14
Q
how is black sigatoka caused and spread?
A
- caused by fungus
- spread through spores carried in wind and water
15
Q
why are there disulphide bridges in antibodies?
A
to hold polypeptides
