Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

(ocr a) biology a level > 2.1.1 Cell Structure > Flashcards

2.1.1 Cell Structure Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the structure of nucleus?

A
  1. nuclear envelope
    —> double membrane
  2. nuclear pores
  3. nucleoplasm
    —> jelly-like material
  4. chromosomes
    —> protein-bound and linear dna
  5. nucleolus
    —> smaller sphere inside nucleus
    —> site of rna production and makes ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the function of the nucleus ?

A
  1. nuclear envelope - separates content of nucleus from rest of the cell
  2. pores - enable larger substances to leave the nucleus
  3. nucleolus - ribosomes are made
  4. chromosomes - contain organisms’s genes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum? (RER)

A
  • system of membranes with cisternae
  • coated with ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of the RER?

A
  • intraceulluar transport system
  • cisternae form channels for transporting substances from one area of a cell to another
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum? (SER)

A
  • system of membranes containing cisternae
  • no ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the function of SER?

A
  • contain enzymes that catalyse reactions involved with lipid metabolism
  • involved with synthesis and transport of lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A
  • proteins are modified by adding carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins
  • proteins are packaged into vesicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of ribosomes?

A
  • site of protein synthesis
  • mRNA assembles proteins from amino acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what’s the function of mitochondria?

A

ATP is made during aerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of a lysosome?

A
  • contain powerful digestive enzymes
  • used to break down materials that are not needed anymore
  • broken down through the process of hydrolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what’s the function of cell surface membrane?

A
  • controls what goes in and out of the cell
  • made out of phospholipid bilayer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what’s the function of centrioles?

A
  • take part in mitosis to form spindle fibres
  • only found in animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function of a cell wall?

A
  • provides high tensile strength
  • insoluble
  • inert
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the cell wall in bacteria made up of?

A

peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of vacuole?

A
  • membrane surrounding it is called tonoplast
  • becomes turgid or flaccid altering the cell shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what’s a vesicle?

A

membrane bound organell which is used to transport substances

17
Q

Why do we need to stain specimens?

A

Allows specimen to become visible and to improve contrast

18
Q

what are examples of stains?

A
  1. Methylene blue —> stains dna
  2. Eosin —> stains cell cytoplasm
19
Q

Why are transmission microscopes used? (TEM)

A

To look at organelle detail

20
Q

Why are scanning electron microscopes used? (SEM)

A

To look at the cell surface

21
Q

What is the magnification?

A

number of times larger the image is in comparison to the object

22
Q

What is resolution?

A

Ability to distinguish between small structures that are close together

23
Q

Why does the specimen have to be thin in a light microscope?

A

So maximum light can penetrate sample

24
Q

how do you prepare a dry mount microscope slide?

A
  • take a thin slice of a specimen as light needs to pass through it
  • use tweezers to pick up your specimen and put it in the middle of a clean slide
  • pop a cover slip on top
25
Q

how do you prepare a wet mount microscope slide?

A
  • pipette a small drop of water onto the slide and use tweezers to place specimen on top of water
  • tilt cover slip and lower it onto the specimen and try not to get air bubbles
  • add a stain
26
Q

how do you use a light microscope?

A
  1. put slide you want to look at on the stage
  2. select lowest powered objective lens
  3. use coarse adjustment knob to bring stage up to below the objective lens
  4. look down the eyepiece lens and use coarse adjustment knob to move stage until image is in focus
  5. adjust focus with fine adjustment knob
  6. switch to higher powered objective lens if needed

(ocr a) biology a level (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions