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HHD > 4.2.1-6 SAC > Flashcards

4.2.1-6 SAC Flashcards

1
Q

sustainable human development

A

refers to a process of people striving to achieve their full potential, lead more productive lives, expand their choices and meet their needs without compromising the opportunities for future generations to meet their own needs; H + HD + S = SHD

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2
Q

global health

A

the health of populations in a worldwide context that go beyond the perspectives and concerns of individual countries; it about an international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

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3
Q

aid

A

governments of many countries, international groups and non-government organisations provide assistance to developing countries to help reduce poverty and improve sustainable human development

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4
Q

types of aid

A

emergency aid,
bilateral aid,
multilateral aid,
NGO aid

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5
Q

emergency / humanitarian aid

A

refers to the rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering, during and after man-made emergencies such as wars, and natural disasters such as flood, tsunami or earthquake

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6
Q

characteristics of emergency aid

A

short term aid,
immediate and initial response to meet the needs of most affected,
removes the immediate threat to health

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7
Q

bilateral aid

A

where aid is given by one country directly to another, an example of bilateral aid is when Australia provides aid to East Timor

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8
Q

characteristics of bilateral aid

A

one country to another,
funds often spent on infrastructure,
often strategic / political considerations as well

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9
Q

multilateral aid

A

where aid is provided through an international organisations, such as World Bank, UN or WHO,
combines donations from a number of countries and then distributes them to the recipients

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10
Q

characteristics of multilateral aid

A

through international organisations
governments give money to international organisations who then fund programs to improve health in developing countries,
has potential to reach many people

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11
Q

non-government organisation (NGO) aid

A

NGOs take different approaches to aid, which induce specific projects or programs, emergency aid, volunteering education and development; aid is provided by NGOs often focus on communities

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12
Q

characteristics of NGO aid

A

provide aid directly to communities,
usually voluntary, not-for-profit community organisations,
often rely on donations,
target specific concerns which pose a threat to health

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13
Q

United Nations (UN)

A

an international organisation founded in 1945 and committed to: maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights

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14
Q

agencies within the UN

A

WFP, WHO, UN, United Nationals Security Council

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15
Q

UN 4 areas of action

A

world peace and security, humanitarian assistance, social and economic development, human rights

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16
Q

UN area of action: world peace and security

A

aims to preserve peace around the world,
working towards conflict prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping and enforcement, and peace building,
e.g. disarmament

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17
Q

UN area of action: humanitarian assistance

A

involves the UN providing emergency relief aid and long term assistance to those affected by emergencies such as war, drought and flood,
helps keep people alive in the short term and rebuild their lives,
WFP

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18
Q

UN area of action: social and economic development

A

aims to promote the conditions required for economic and social progress, through full education, employment and higher standards of living,
UNs SDGs -> aim to eradicate poverty

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19
Q

UN area of action: human rights

A

involves the UN upholding and protecting human rights such as those set out in the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
aims to promotes and protect human rights for ALL people

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20
Q

UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

A

sets out basic rights of ALL people such as the right to education, healthcare, food, housing

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21
Q

examples of how UN work to promotes: world peace and security

A

UN’s Security Council deploy UN peacekeepers to patrol the streets,
UN mediators help mediate a peaceful solution,
implement economic sanctions interrupting economic relations and trade

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22
Q

examples of how UN work to promotes: humanitarian assistance

A

UN’s World Food Programme (WFP) promotes food security during emergencies -> reduce malnutrition,
provides resources to help people rebuild their lives (e.g. water purifying, essential medications)

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23
Q

examples of how UN work to promotes: social and economic development

A

works to achieve SDGs by assisting countries to provide schools and employment opportunities,
provide stable governments by providing advice and guidance in relation to running safe and transparent elections

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24
Q

examples of how UN work to promotes: human rights

A

Universal Declaration of Human Rights -> sending UN human rights experts to refugee camps,
UN Human Rights Council works with governments buy providing expertise and technical training

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25
Q

World Health Organisation (WHO)

A

branch of the UN who’s goal is to build a better, healthier future for all people all over the world

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26
Q

WHO objective

A

‘is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health’

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27
Q

WHO agenda

A

aims to promote global health and sustainable human development guided by 6 leadership priorities with give focus and direction to the issues that are of greatest importance

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28
Q

6 WHO leadership priorities: I SHIN U

A

International health regulations.
Social, economic and environmental determinants.
Health-related Sustainable Development Goals.
Increasing access to medical products.
Non-communicable diseases.
Universal health coverage

29
Q

international health regulations (IHR)

A

the WHO has a leadership role in ensuring that all members states monitor and response appropriately to outbreaks of communicable diseases such as Ebola and public health risks

30
Q

example of IHR

A

assisting countries impacted by Ebola with procedures to follow to try and minimise disease impact globally and locally

31
Q

social, economic and environmental determinants

A

to improve peoples health outcomes and increase healthy life expectancy requires action across the range of determinants associated with ill health as well as inequitable health outcomes

32
Q

example of social, economic and environmental determinants

A

work with member states to develop health related policies to address determinants such as low income and education and their impact on achieving improved health outcomes for all its people

33
Q

health-related SDGs

A

ensuring that the process / gains made towards the health-related SDGs are sustainable helping to create more equitable levels of achievement of the goals.
SDG 3: good health and wellbeing

34
Q

example of health-related SDGs

A

assisting countries with developing robust and effective health care systems and policies for sustainable and equitable health outcomes

35
Q

example of health-related SDGs

A

assisting countries with developing robust and effective health care systems and policies for sustainable and equitable health outcomes

36
Q

increasing access to medical products

A

providing access to essential, high-quality and affordable medical technologies including diagnostic technologies and improving access to medical products which is central to health coverage

37
Q

example of increasing access to medical products

A

support countries by helping fund the development of technology and medications which may assist in controlling diseases to improve health

38
Q

non-communicable diseases (NCDs)

A

the rise of NCDs (CVD, cancer, T2D) has devastating health consequences for individuals, families and communities, and threatens to overwhelm health systems

39
Q

example of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)

A

has produced guidelines such as the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, to provide countries with advice on how to reduce tobacco use, and thus related NCDs

40
Q

universal health coverage

A

providing access to healthcare needed at an affordable cost for everyone regardless of financial ability to pay; families should not have to experience poverty to pay for healthcare

41
Q

examples of universal health coverage

A

responds to demand from countries seeking practical advice on how to take universal health coverage forward to improve its populations health with improved healthcare access

42
Q

DFAT (department of foreign affairs and trade)

A

manages, plans and coordinates the Australian Governments overseas aid program

43
Q

purpose of DFAT

A

to promote Australia’s national interests by contributing the sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction by focusing on two development outcomes: supporting private sector development and strengthening human development

44
Q

why does the Australian government give aid

A

in position to do so.
regional stability.
job opportunities for Australians.
countries try to balance their terms of trade.

45
Q

ways aus government contributes aid

A

funds to multilateral / international organisations.
form bilateral partnerships with developing countries.
funding NGOs.
provide emergency said.

46
Q

6 priorities of the Australian government’s aid initiatives: A BEIGE

A

agriculture, fisheries and water.
building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection.
education and health.
infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness.
gender equality and empowering women and girls.
effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies.

47
Q

agriculture, fisheries and water

A

provide employment and income -> economic development.

managed and preserved for future generations -> food security and reduce poverty

48
Q

example of agriculture, fisheries and water

A

Australian government works with countries such as Cambodia, assist with the efficient use of irrigation water to allow for sustained agriculture practises -> promote trade and income

49
Q

building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection

A

humanitarian aid -> reduce suffering and saves lives -> get back to leading productive lives.
countries need to develop plans to reduce risk of disasters and minimise impact

50
Q

example of building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection

A

Australian government sends staff to emergency areas to provide immediate support in the form of emergency aid such as after the earthquake in Haiti

51
Q

education and health

A

community has access to good quality food, sw/s and trained health workers -> prevention / treatment of disease -> improved health.
learn about health promoting behaviours, ability to earn income -> access resources

52
Q

example of education and health

A
  • bilateral partnership with Indonesian government, funds for people to gain increased access to sw/s.
  • schools built in Indonesia, teachers trained, books supplied.
53
Q

infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness

A

improving infrastructure such as provision of improved roads / transport -> improved health and trade -> economic development.
participating in global trade.

54
Q

example of infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness

A

road construction in many developing countries such as Vanuatu -> assists in the movement of goods and resources to other countries, to improve trade and incomes

55
Q

gender equality and empowering women and girls

A

empowering women and girls benefits throughout the community with higher average incomes, greater levels of education and healthier families

56
Q

example of gender equality and empowering women and girls

A

Australian government has set a target requiring that most of its investments, will also effectively address gender issues.
Australia supporter of UN Women.

57
Q

effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies

A

stable, productive governments -> work to promote the health and HD of population.
provides foundations for economic growth, private sector investment and trade.
deliver resources that build skilled, productive and health workforce

58
Q

example of effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies

A

Australian government provided advice to governments of developing countries such as PNG relating to financial management and the establishment of institutions such as police forces, and health and legal / voting systems

59
Q

Non-government organisations (NGOs)

A

formal, self-governing organisations that are non-profit making and not aligned to any political party

60
Q

who are NGOs funded by

A

heavily from donated income as well as government funding

61
Q

how do NGOs promote global health and SHD

A

work in small communities.
implement small-scale projects that can be continued by locals.
provide resources and support through programs.
focus on education/training/skill development.
provide healthcare services.

62
Q

sustainability

A

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs

63
Q

social sustainability

A

empower people to take control of their lives, health, education, culture

64
Q

economic sustainability

A

employment, economic growth, technology

65
Q

environmental sustainability

A

protect resources conservation

66
Q

3 elements of sustainability

A

appropriateness, affordability, equity

67
Q

appropriate

A

involve local community, meet their needs.
culturally sensitive.
women involved.
empower.

68
Q

affordability

A

free / work for reward.
involve education, self-sufficient.
future funding / plan.
passed on at no cost

69
Q

equity

A

equity of access.
reach most in need.
focus on women and girls to reduce inequalities

HHD (11 decks)

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