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HHD > 3.2.1-5 > Flashcards

3.2.1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

biomedical model of health

A

focuses on the physical or biological aspects of diseases and illness.
medical model of care practised by doctors and/or health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease

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2
Q

biomedical model of health disadvantages

A

very expensive.
not every condition can be treated / cured.
relies on role of doctor / health worker

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3
Q

biomedical model of health advantages

A

often people can be treated / cured.
extends life expectancy.
creates advances in technology and research

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4
Q

social model of health

A

conceptual framework within which improvements in health and wellbeing are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants of health.
model is based on the understanding that in order for health gains to occur, social, economic and environmental determinants must be addressed

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5
Q

social model of health 5 guiding principles

A 
AREAS.
adresses the broader determinants of health.
acts to reduce social inequities.
empowers individuals and communities.
acts to enable access to healthcare.
involves intersectional collaboration
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6
Q

social model of health disadvantages

A

not all diseases can be prevented.

health promotion programs / messages can still be ignored

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7
Q

social model of health advantages

A

life expectancy can be increased.
health improvements in communities / populations.
education of people, empowering

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8
Q

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

A

approach to health development by the WHO that attempts to reduce inequalities in health.
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was developed from the social model of health and defines health promotion as ‘the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.’
The Ottawa Charter identifies three basic strategies for health promotion: enabling, mediating and advocacy

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9
Q

health promotion

A

process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve, their health

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10
Q

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 8 prerequisites

A

peace, shelter, education, food, income, stable ecosystem, social justice and equity, sustainable resources

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11
Q

addresses the broader determinants of health

A

addressing ALL determinants of health, not just behavioural and biological, but also social and environmental determinants such as culture, SES and housing which impact health status

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12
Q

Acts to reduce social inequities

A

reducing inequities that exist in relation to health status due to social factors / determinants such as gender, SES and location

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13
Q

Empowers individuals and communities

A

providing individuals / communities with skills, resources, knowledge to make decisions and change factors which influence their health status

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14
Q

Acts to enable access to healthcare

A

improving access to healthcare so that services and information should be readily available, affordable, appropriate according to peoples needs to impose their health

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15
Q

Involves inter-sectoral collaboration

A

integrated / coordinated action between government departments, private sector and health sector, to work together to improve health outcomes

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16
Q

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 5 priority action areas

A 
bad cats smell dead rats.
build healthy public policy.
create supportive environments.
strengthen community action.
develop personal skills.
re-orient health services
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17
Q

Build healthy public policy

A

developing policy / legislation / rules / regulations to promote health
e.g. banning smoking in public places

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18
Q

Create supportive environments

A

creating environments that help make the healthier choice the easier choice to promote health
e.g. support groups

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19
Q

Strengthen community action

A

involving and encouraging people from all parts of the community to work together to improve health outcomes
e.g. Neighbourhood Watch and Safety House programs

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20
Q

Develop personal skills

A

informing and empowering people to make healthier choices by improving skills and knowledge to improve health
e.g. practising safe sex, being sun smart

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21
Q

Re-orient health services

A

changing the focus of health services from a biomedical to a preventative health care approach, so encouraging medical professionals to take a preventative approach to improve health
e.g. police working in schools to support road safety education

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22
Q

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 3 basic strategies

A

AME.
advocate.
mediate.
enable

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23
Q

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 3 basic strategies: advocate

A

lobbying governments and other organisations to improve conditions such as the political, cultural, social and environmental factors to make them favourable to improve health outcomes for all

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24
Q

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 3 basic strategies: mediate

A

coordinated action of all sectors including government, non-government, health and media, to work together to promote health for all

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25
Q

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 3 basic strategies: enable

A

equity and creating supportive environments and providing access to information, education and skills to enable all people to achieve their health potential

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26
Q

VicHealth

A

The Victorian Health Promotion Foundation is Victoria’s peak body for health promotion

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27
Q

main roles of vichealth

A

promote good health for all Victorians and prevent ill health.
provide funding to many organisations to implement programs / initiatives.
fund and conduct research.
lobby and advocate for policy / legislation change

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28
Q

vichealth mission

A

in partnership with others, promote good health.
promote fairness and opportunity for better health.
seek to prevent chronic conditions for all Victorians

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29
Q

vichealth strategic priorities

A 
A TEAM.
encouraging regular physical activity.
preventing tobacco use.
promoting healthy eating.
preventing harm from alcohol.
improving mental wellbeing
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30
Q

health system

A

system of services that addresses the health needs of a population (eg. doctors, hospitals)

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31
Q

federal government responsibilities

A

management and funding of Medicare and PBS.
regulation of private health insurance.
management of quarantine.
BreastScreen program

32
Q

state government responsibilities

A

provision of public hospitals.
provision of ambulance service.
provision of health promotion info / education programs.
provision of a safe water supply

33
Q

local government responsibilities

A

maintaining a sanitary environment (e.g. through garbage collection / disposal).
organising local public immunisation programs

34
Q

Medicare

A

Australia’s federal government’s universal healthcare system that aims to improve access to adequate healthcare for all Australian’s, at little or no cost, to those in need of treatment, regardless of age or income

35
Q

how is Medicare funded

A

Medicare 2% levy (tax).
Medicare levy surcharge (extra tax) - paid by those without PHI.
general taxation

36
Q

medicare covers

A

free or subsidised treatment.
free treatment and accomodation.
75% of the Medicare Schedule fee.
GP consultation, eye tests, tests to diagnose / treat

37
Q

medicare doesn’t cover

A

dental exams / treatments.
ambulance services.
physio.
glasses

38
Q

medicare schedule fee

A

fee set for a service by the Australian Government

39
Q

medicare ‘gap’ amount

A

difference between the Medicare benefit (rebate/refund) and the schedule fee

40
Q

medicare ‘out-of-pocket’ costs

A

difference between Medicare benefit and what doctor charges (includes gap)

41
Q

bulk bill

A

doctor/GP accepts schedule fee as their payment.

no out-of-pocket expenses

42
Q

Medicare ‘Safety Net’

A

an additional rebate scheme for the benefit of patients who have paid a high amount in ‘gap’ amounts - for out-of-hospital costs.
when gap total reaches certain amount they will get back 100% of schedule fee for the rest of the year for out-of-hospital services

43
Q

medicare advantages

A 
Medical treatment (out of hospital) available at little / no cost.
very low income earners don't pay 2% Medicare levy.
Medicare safety net provides extra finical rebates
44
Q

medicare disadvantages

A

doesn’t cover all health services.
can be long waiting periods for some hospital services.
to pay gap can still be very difficult for low income earners.
no choice of doctor for in-hospital treatments

45
Q

Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)

A

Federal Government initiative to subsidise the cost of a wide range of prescription medications, providing Australians with vital mediations at more affordable prices

46
Q

Private Health Insurance (PHI)

A

additional health policy individuals and families can choose to purchase / take out to cover health services not covered by Medicare

47
Q

PHI incentives

A

Medicare Levy Surcharge.
Private Health Insurance rebate.
Lifetime health cover

48
Q

PHI incentives: Medicare Levy Surcharge

A

people without PHI may have to pay an extra 1%, 1.25% or 1.5% on top of 2% levy - based on income

49
Q

PHI incentives: Private Health Insurance rebate

A

receive a rebate on their PHI premium - based on income

50
Q

PHI incentives: Lifetime health cover

A

people who take out PHI after 31 pay extra 2% on their premium for every year they are over the age of 30 —> encourages young people to keep it for life

51
Q

PHI advantages

A

allows choice of doctor in hospitals.
usually shorter waiting periods for some procedures.
help reduce waiting lists for those using public hospitals

52
Q

PHI disadvantages

A

person has to pay for the PHI premium.
may still have out of pocket costs.
most PHI companies have qualifying periods before the person can claim from their PHI company

53
Q

values of the health care system

A 
SEE CARS.
Safe.
Effective.
Efficient.
Continuous.
Accessible.
Responsive.
Sustainable
54
Q

public health promotion

A

activities aimed at improving and preventing disease by enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

55
Q

nutrition surveys

A

provide a snapshot of what australians, or population groups within australia, are eating at a particular time

56
Q

aim of nutrition surveys

A

monitor and assess food consumption and nutrient intake.

info needed for food and nutrition related health promotion programs

57
Q

limitations of nutrition surveys

A

usually only 24 hour period, may not reflect overall food consumption.
costly and time consuming.
limited representation of all groups

58
Q

Australian dietary guidelines

A

provide up-to-date advice about the amounts and types of foods that people need to eat for health and wellbeing.
seek to promote the potential benefits go healthy eating to reduce risk of diet related disease

59
Q

Australian dietary guideline 1

A

to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs

60
Q

Australian dietary guideline 2

A

enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the 5 food groups everyday and drink plenty of water

61
Q

Australian dietary guideline 3

A

limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol

62
Q

Australian dietary guideline 4

A

encourage, support and promote breastfeeding

63
Q

Australian dietary guideline 5

A

care for your food, prepare and store it safely

64
Q

advantages of Australian dietary guidelines

A

aim to reduce risk of diet related diseases.

provide serving sizes and number of different lifespan stages

65
Q

disadvantages of Australian dietary guidelines

A

use of vague terms such as ‘plenty’ and ‘limit’.

aren’t visually appealing, as they’re just statements

66
Q

Australian guide to healthy eating

A

food selection model which is a visual representation based on Dietary guidelines 2 and 3

67
Q

aim of the Australian guide to healthy eating

A

encourage consumption of a variety of foods from each of the 5 food groups everyday in proportions that are consistent with the Australian Dietary Guidelines

68
Q

advantages of the Australian guide to healthy eating

A

visual and colourful, easy to follow, ‘plate’ representation, appealing.
encourages eating a wide variety of foods.
gives healthy alternatives to fresh food

69
Q

disadvantages of the Australian guide to healthy eating

A

no serve size information.

difficult to determine the number of ‘extra’ discretionary servings OK to be eaten

70
Q

discretionary foods

A

foods considered to be of little of no nutritional value and which tend to be high unsaturated fats, sugars, salt and/or alcohol

71
Q

nutrition australia

A

Australia’s primary community nutrition education body.

it works with non-government and government bodies to provide them with up to date nutrition information and advice

72
Q

aim of nutrition australia

A

to provide scientifically based nutrition information to encourage all Australian’s to achieve optimal health through food variety and physical activity

73
Q

national nutrition week

A

raises awareness of the role of food on health, and supports the community to enjoy healthy eating.
coordinates community activities and provides organisations with activities and resources aimed at improving nutrition

74
Q

menu assessments

A

works with a wide variety of organisations such as schools, childcare centres and hospitals to assess their menus and provide practical advice about how to improve the nutrition content of the menu

75
Q

healthy eating pyramid (HEP)

A

food selection guide with encourages Australian’s to enjoy a variety of foods from every food group, everyday for good health

HHD (11 decks)

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