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Biomed > 4.2 Gut Stuff > Flashcards

4.2 Gut Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Body system that digests and absorbs foods

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2
Q

Gastrointestinal tract (g.i)

A

The stomach and intestines working as one unit

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3
Q

Accessory organs

A

Organs in the digestive system that aid in digestion but are not main like the GI tract

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4
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process of making food absorbable

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5
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

The physical breakdown of food by the teeth and muscle movements in digestive system

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6
Q

Chemical digestion

A

The chemical breakdown of food by digestive enzymes and acids

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7
Q

Hard palate us soft palate

A

Hard palate is bone (in the front of the mouth), soft palate is tissue that seals off naval cavity (in back of mouth)

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8
Q

Oral cavity

A

Adapted to recipe food through ingestion and break into smaller pieces to move down the esophagus

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9
Q

Pharynx

A

Delivers food and liquids to the esophagus

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10
Q

Esophagus

A

Transports food from oral cavity to stomach

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11
Q

Stomach

A

Holds the food and mixes it w/ acid and enzymes that chemically break down food in order to absorb the nutrients

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12
Q

Small intestine

A

Absorbs nutrients from food and further breaks down food

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13
Q

Large intestine

A

Absorbs water and converts waste into stool

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14
Q

Colon

A

Parts of large intestine, moves stool

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15
Q

Rectum

A

Stores stool until removal out of anus

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16
Q

Anus

A

Detect rectal contents, controls when stool is secreted

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17
Q

Duodenum

A

First section of small intestine, absorbs iron

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18
Q

Jejunum

A

Middle section of the small intestine, absorbs sugars and acids

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19
Q

Ileum

A

Lowest section of the small intestine, absorbs left over nutrients

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20
Q

Cecum

A

Pouch that connects the small and large intestine, absorbs large volumes of water

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21
Q

Four parts of the colon

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

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22
Q

Salivary glands

A

Produce saliva which breaks down food

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23
Q

Uvula

A

Secretes saliva, and blocks liquids from going into the nose

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24
Q

Liver

A

Secretes bile and absorbed nutrients from blood stream (coming from small intestine)

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25
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces enzymes that help to digest food, particularly protiens, insulin also produced (that regulates enzyme release)

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26
Q

Sphincter

A

Controls movement of consumed substances, liquids, and stools from body

27
Q

1st sphincter

A

Upper esophageal sphincter

28
Q

2nd sphincter

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

29
Q

3rd sphincter

A

Pyloric sphincter

30
Q

Appendix

A

Fights pathogens, and populates gut w/ beneficial bacteria

31
Q

oral cavity mechanical digestion

A

Teeth

32
Q

Oral cavity chemical digestion

A

Saliva/salivary amylase

33
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Chemically breaks down carbohydrates

34
Q

Tongue

A

Assists in food movement and speaking

35
Q

Bolus

A

Chewed (undigested) food moving through the digestive system

36
Q

Epiglottis

A

Blocks trachea when swallowing to insure food goes to esophagus

37
Q

Esophagus and stomach mechanical digestion

A

Peristalsis

38
Q

Peristalsis

A

An involuntary contraction and relaxation through out the digestive system

39
Q

Esophagus and stomach chemical digestion

A

Acids and enzymes

40
Q

Chyme

A

Semifluid mass of partially digested food and secretions in the stomach and moved into the duodenum for absorption

41
Q

Pepsin

A

An enzyme that breaks down proteins. Low pH activates gastric chief cells that produce pepsin

42
Q

Why don’t stomach acids burn stomach walls

A

They don’t burn because of the epithelial tissues covered W/ mucus

43
Q

How does food move through the intestine

A

Peristalsis (muscle movements)

44
Q

Maltese

A

Enzyme that breaks down glucose released by small intestine

45
Q

Where are enzymes released

A

The duodenum

46
Q

Lipase

A

Breaks down fats

47
Q

Protease

A

Breaks down proteins

48
Q

Amylase

A

Breaks down carbs and starches

49
Q

Liver bile

A

Bile breaks down fats enter through duodenum

50
Q

Bile path

A

Liver, pancreas ducts, duodenum, gallbladder (stores bile)

51
Q

Endoscopy

A

Invasive procedure used to look inside the body involves inserting tube into hollow organ

52
Q

Upper endoscopy

A

Enters through oral cavity

53
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Enters through anus into colon

54
Q

Biopsy

A

Procedure that removes a piece of tissue or sample of cells to be tested

55
Q

Colon polyp

A

Small growth occurring in the dinning of colon, caused by change in cell growth (genetic on environmental) symptoms: anemia, pain, rectal bleeding

56
Q

Celiac disease

A

Chronic condition caused by inflammatory response to digestion of gluten can lead to destruction of villi and crypt

57
Q

Gastros esophageal reflux disease

A

Recurrent regurgitation of acidic stomach reflux, involuntary release, symptoms include burning chest sensations, sore throat, eroded teeth etc.

58
Q

Peptic ulcer disease

A

Formation of ulcers, caused by bacterial infections or long-term use of pain-killers. Symptoms pain in abdomen, vomiting, gas etc.

59
Q

Crohn’S disease

A

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease commonly seen in the small and large intestine. Cause scaring, etc. Symptoms: fever, cramps, diarrhea etc.

60
Q

Whipple’S disease

A

Infections disease caused by tropheryma whipplei (type of bacteria), enters through mouth then enters the blood stream. Causes diarrhea, weight loss, malabsorption, etc. Treat w/ anti-biotics

61
Q

BMI

A

Measurement of body fat based on height and weight

62
Q

BMR

A

Base line rate at which your body uses energy resting needs

63
Q

TDEE

A

Factors level of physical activity to give accurate amount of calories each day. (Total daily energy expenditure) basically resting plus exercise

Biomed (6 decks)

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