3.2 Immunity And Eyes

Question 1

What is a Prion

Answer 1

A infectious protein that are abnormal forms of cellular proteins, cause normal proteins to fold abnormally. Found in meats, unclean medical equipment, and through the eyes.

Question 2

What is a virus

Answer 2

Microscopic infective agents that infect healthy cells and take over protein synthesis processes, host cell is damaged or destroyed. Can get caught through skin to skin, sexual contact, saliva, etc.

Question 3

What is Bacteria

Answer 3

Single celled prokaryotic microorganisms. Enter through eyes, orifices, sexual contact, inhalation, water etc. Bacteria invade cells and cause damage to tissues. Can survive on their own.

Question 4

What is a Protozoa/protists

Answer 4

Single celled eukaryotic animal like organisms, result of ingestion of food or water that’s contaminated with feces from infected organisms. Affect digestive tract, blood, or organs of the body related to food. Little animals

Question 5

What is fungi

Answer 5

Living multicellular organisms eukaryotic organisms. Fungi spores are inhaled or land on host, can result in tissue damage

Question 6

What is a helminths

Answer 6

Living worms, consumption through food or water, or bite from insects. Take nutrients from host and cause tissue and organ damage.

Question 7

Pathogen

Answer 7

A disease-causing organism

Question 8

Epidermis

Answer 8

Top layer of the skin that provides outermost barrier, skin color, and makes new skin

Question 9

Dermis

Answer 9

Middle layer of skin that grows hairs, makes oil and sweat, and contains blood vessels/nerve endings

Question 10

Subcutaneous fatty tissue

Answer 10

Bottom layer of skin containing fat that cushions muscles and bone, regulates body temp

Question 11

Mucus

Answer 11

secretions from mucus membranes helps trap pathogens that enter the body mucus is swallowed to be destroyed by stomach acid or expelled from body through nasal cavity.

Question 12

Sepsis

Answer 12

The body’s immune system overreacts to infection causing bad inflammation

Question 13

Sever sepsis

Answer 13

Organs in body malfunction, low blood pressure, increased inflammation

Question 14

Septic shock

Answer 14

Extremely low blood pressure that does not respond to IV fluids (very dangerous)

Question 15

Tonsils

Answer 15

Helps stop germs entering the body through the mouth or nose contains white blood cells which kill foreign body’s/germs (CAN LIVE WITHOUT)

Question 16

Thymus

Answer 16

Developed t-cells (type of white blood cell) and helps fight infection, important to development of immune system in babies adults can live without

Question 17

Lymph node

Answer 17

Immune system glands that enlarge in response to viral/bacterial infection or cancer

Question 18

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 18

regulate homeostasis and assist in immune cell transportation and immune system surveillance

Question 19

Liver

Answer 19

Collects and eliminates foreign bodies from blood passing through Can’t survive without the liver

Question 20

Spleen

Answer 20

Filters blood of foreign cells and dead/old red cells in need of replacements. Can survive without will get sick often.

Question 21

Bone marrow

Answer 21

Produces blood cells (both red and white) antibodies/antibody producers are also made here bone marrow is needed to survive.

Question 22

Lymphatic vs Cardiovascular transportation

Answer 22

Lymphatic fluid is not pressurized, moves through body by normal bodily motion
Blood is pressurized, blood moves through heart pumping

Question 23

Platelets

Answer 23

Disk-like bodies within mammals in blood assist in clotting by connecting to other platelets and surrounding tissues

Question 24

Red blood cells

Answer 24

Red blood cells that transports oxygen around the body don’t have nuclei

Question 25

White blood cells

Answer 25

WBC are active in immune response have no hemoglobin and have nuclei

Question 26

Inate immunity

Answer 26

Non-specific immunity defenses that people are born with

Question 27

Acquired immunity

Answer 27

Specific immunity that is acquired through someone’s lifetime

Question 28

Active immunity

Answer 28

Acquired through infection or vaccination

Question 29

Passive immunity

Answer 29

Acquired by a child from mother through placenta and breast feeding

Question 30

Antigen

Answer 30

Anything that stimulates an immune response

Question 31

B-cells

Answer 31

A type of lymphocyte that matures in bone marrow and produces antibodies

Question 32

T-cells

Answer 32

White blood cells that recognize infection and attack/destroy.

Question 33

Antibody

Answer 33

proteins that work to impair pathogens

Question 34

Prodromal

Answer 34

Early signs or symptoms that preceded onset of disease

Question 35

Convalesce

Answer 35

Recovering from sickness gradually back to health

Question 36

tears

Answer 36

Contain enzymes that kill invading organisms also wash out invaders

Question 37

Nasal mucosa

Answer 37

Mucus in nose that traps invaders

Question 38

Cilia

Answer 38

Small hairs that trap invaders in trachea lungs and nose

Question 39

Digestive enzymes

Answer 39

Oral enzymes help kill invaders

Question 40

Phagocytes

Answer 40

Cells that patrol the lungs and digest invaders

Question 41

Stomach acids

Answer 41

High PH that helps kill invaders

Question 42

Normal flora

Answer 42

Flora that lives on skin and in stomach secrets chemicals to keep foreign invaders out and prevent attaching

Question 43

Secretions

Answer 43

Urine vaginal discharge etc flush out organisms

Question 44

Directly transmitted

Answer 44

Occurs when susceptible host touches infected individual and is exposed to their bodily fluids

Question 45

Indirectly transmitted

Answer 45

Disease transmission that occurs when a susceptible individual comes in contact with infected object and or insect

Question 46

Optician

Answer 46

Fits patient for eyeglasses

Question 47

optometrist

Answer 47

Examines and diagnosis/treats eyes from conditions

Question 48

Ophthalmologist

Answer 48

Examines and diagnosis eye conditions, treatments include surgery

Question 49

Cornea

Answer 49

Transparent part of eyeball coat, covers iris and pupil allows light through interior

Question 50

Iris

Answer 50

A muscular contractile that sits in the aqueous humor helps pupil control how much light is taken in and determines eye color

Question 51

Pupil

Answer 51

Opening in the iris that admits light into eye

Question 52

Aqueous humor

Answer 52

Fluid that fills space between lens and cornea

Question 53

vitreous humor

Answer 53

The viscous substance that fills the eyeball behind the lens

Question 54

lens

Answer 54

That transparent structure behind the iris that works with the cornea to refract light and focus it on retina

Question 55

Retina

Answer 55

The sensory membrane that lines the posterior chamber the eye, receives the image and converts it to chemical signals which reach brain through optic nerve

Question 56

Rods vs Cones

Answer 56

Rods and long rod shaped photosensitive receptors that respond to light, cones are conical photosensitive receptors cells of the retina that function color vision

Question 57

Optic nerve

Answer 57

A pair of sensory nerves that conduct visual stimuli to brain

Question 58

Blind spot

Answer 58

Small circular area in the retina where optic nerve enters eye is insensitive to light

Question 59

Conjunctivitis

Answer 59

Inflammation of the conjunctiva (clear membrane that covers eye) also known as pinky eye can be viral, bacterial, or allergy related

Question 60

Loiasis

Answer 60

Eye worm caught by fly bites migrates across conjunctiva doesn’t cause damage to the eye

Question 61

Onchocerciasis

Answer 61

Ocular lesions spread by bites of black fly, fly enters through iris and sclera

Question 62

Trachoma

Answer 62

Bacterial infection caused by chlamydia transmitted through contact and flies, causes scaring from inverted growth of eyelashes

Question 63

Traumatic iridodialysis

Answer 63

Iris separates from root of the eye due to trauma, which exposes parts of the pupil.