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Biomed > 3.2 Immunity And Eyes > Flashcards

3.2 Immunity And Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Prion

A

A infectious protein that are abnormal forms of cellular proteins, cause normal proteins to fold abnormally. Found in meats, unclean medical equipment, and through the eyes.

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2
Q

What is a virus

A

Microscopic infective agents that infect healthy cells and take over protein synthesis processes, host cell is damaged or destroyed. Can get caught through skin to skin, sexual contact, saliva, etc.

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3
Q

What is Bacteria

A

Single celled prokaryotic microorganisms. Enter through eyes, orifices, sexual contact, inhalation, water etc. Bacteria invade cells and cause damage to tissues. Can survive on their own.

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4
Q

What is a Protozoa/protists

A

Single celled eukaryotic animal like organisms, result of ingestion of food or water that’s contaminated with feces from infected organisms. Affect digestive tract, blood, or organs of the body related to food. Little animals

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5
Q

What is fungi

A

Living multicellular organisms eukaryotic organisms. Fungi spores are inhaled or land on host, can result in tissue damage

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6
Q

What is a helminths

A

Living worms, consumption through food or water, or bite from insects. Take nutrients from host and cause tissue and organ damage.

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7
Q

Pathogen

A

A disease-causing organism

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8
Q

Epidermis

A

Top layer of the skin that provides outermost barrier, skin color, and makes new skin

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9
Q

Dermis

A

Middle layer of skin that grows hairs, makes oil and sweat, and contains blood vessels/nerve endings

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10
Q

Subcutaneous fatty tissue

A

Bottom layer of skin containing fat that cushions muscles and bone, regulates body temp

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11
Q

Mucus

A

secretions from mucus membranes helps trap pathogens that enter the body mucus is swallowed to be destroyed by stomach acid or expelled from body through nasal cavity.

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12
Q

Sepsis

A

The body’s immune system overreacts to infection causing bad inflammation

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13
Q

Sever sepsis

A

Organs in body malfunction, low blood pressure, increased inflammation

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14
Q

Septic shock

A

Extremely low blood pressure that does not respond to IV fluids (very dangerous)

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15
Q

Tonsils

A

Helps stop germs entering the body through the mouth or nose contains white blood cells which kill foreign body’s/germs (CAN LIVE WITHOUT)

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16
Q

Thymus

A

Developed t-cells (type of white blood cell) and helps fight infection, important to development of immune system in babies adults can live without

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17
Q

Lymph node

A

Immune system glands that enlarge in response to viral/bacterial infection or cancer

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18
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

regulate homeostasis and assist in immune cell transportation and immune system surveillance

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19
Q

Liver

A

Collects and eliminates foreign bodies from blood passing through Can’t survive without the liver

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20
Q

Spleen

A

Filters blood of foreign cells and dead/old red cells in need of replacements. Can survive without will get sick often.

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21
Q

Bone marrow

A

Produces blood cells (both red and white) antibodies/antibody producers are also made here bone marrow is needed to survive.

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22
Q

Lymphatic vs Cardiovascular transportation

A

Lymphatic fluid is not pressurized, moves through body by normal bodily motion
Blood is pressurized, blood moves through heart pumping

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23
Q

Platelets

A

Disk-like bodies within mammals in blood assist in clotting by connecting to other platelets and surrounding tissues

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24
Q

Red blood cells

A

Red blood cells that transports oxygen around the body don’t have nuclei

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25
Q

White blood cells

A

WBC are active in immune response have no hemoglobin and have nuclei

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26
Q

Inate immunity

A

Non-specific immunity defenses that people are born with

27
Q

Acquired immunity

A

Specific immunity that is acquired through someone’s lifetime

28
Q

Active immunity

A

Acquired through infection or vaccination

29
Q

Passive immunity

A

Acquired by a child from mother through placenta and breast feeding

30
Q

Antigen

A

Anything that stimulates an immune response

31
Q

B-cells

A

A type of lymphocyte that matures in bone marrow and produces antibodies

32
Q

T-cells

A

White blood cells that recognize infection and attack/destroy.

33
Q

Antibody

A

proteins that work to impair pathogens

34
Q

Prodromal

A

Early signs or symptoms that preceded onset of disease

35
Q

Convalesce

A

Recovering from sickness gradually back to health

36
Q

tears

A

Contain enzymes that kill invading organisms also wash out invaders

37
Q

Nasal mucosa

A

Mucus in nose that traps invaders

38
Q

Cilia

A

Small hairs that trap invaders in trachea lungs and nose

39
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

Oral enzymes help kill invaders

40
Q

Phagocytes

A

Cells that patrol the lungs and digest invaders

41
Q

Stomach acids

A

High PH that helps kill invaders

42
Q

Normal flora

A

Flora that lives on skin and in stomach secrets chemicals to keep foreign invaders out and prevent attaching

43
Q

Secretions

A

Urine vaginal discharge etc flush out organisms

44
Q

Directly transmitted

A

Occurs when susceptible host touches infected individual and is exposed to their bodily fluids

45
Q

Indirectly transmitted

A

Disease transmission that occurs when a susceptible individual comes in contact with infected object and or insect

46
Q

Optician

A

Fits patient for eyeglasses

47
Q

optometrist

A

Examines and diagnosis/treats eyes from conditions

48
Q

Ophthalmologist

A

Examines and diagnosis eye conditions, treatments include surgery

49
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent part of eyeball coat, covers iris and pupil allows light through interior

50
Q

Iris

A

A muscular contractile that sits in the aqueous humor helps pupil control how much light is taken in and determines eye color

51
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in the iris that admits light into eye

52
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Fluid that fills space between lens and cornea

53
Q

vitreous humor

A

The viscous substance that fills the eyeball behind the lens

54
Q

lens

A

That transparent structure behind the iris that works with the cornea to refract light and focus it on retina

55
Q

Retina

A

The sensory membrane that lines the posterior chamber the eye, receives the image and converts it to chemical signals which reach brain through optic nerve

56
Q

Rods vs Cones

A

Rods and long rod shaped photosensitive receptors that respond to light, cones are conical photosensitive receptors cells of the retina that function color vision

57
Q

Optic nerve

A

A pair of sensory nerves that conduct visual stimuli to brain

58
Q

Blind spot

A

Small circular area in the retina where optic nerve enters eye is insensitive to light

59
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva (clear membrane that covers eye) also known as pinky eye can be viral, bacterial, or allergy related

60
Q

Loiasis

A

Eye worm caught by fly bites migrates across conjunctiva doesn’t cause damage to the eye

61
Q

Onchocerciasis

A

Ocular lesions spread by bites of black fly, fly enters through iris and sclera

62
Q

Trachoma

A

Bacterial infection caused by chlamydia transmitted through contact and flies, causes scaring from inverted growth of eyelashes

63
Q

Traumatic iridodialysis

A

Iris separates from root of the eye due to trauma, which exposes parts of the pupil.

Biomed (6 decks)

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