4.2 - Biodiversity Flashcards
What is a keystone species?
They have a significant effect on their ecosystem and many other species rely on them
Define biodiversity.
The variety of living organisms in an area
Define species.
A group of similar organisms that are able to reproduce fertile offspring
Define habitat.
The area inhabited by a species. It includes physical and biotic factors
Define habitat diversity.
The number of different habitats in an area
Define species diversity.
The number of different species and the abundance of of each species in an area
Define species richness.
The number of different species in one area
Define species evenness.
The abundance of each species in an area
Define genetic diversity.
The variation of alleles within a species (eg. Types of dogs)
What are the different sampling techniques used to measure biodiversity?
- Pitfall trap (ground insects)
- Tullgren funnel (small organisms living in the soil or leaf litter)
- Pond dipping (aquatic organisms)
- Sweep net (flying organisms or organisms living in long grass)
- Tree beating (organisms that live in trees)
What are the 2 types of plant sampling?
- Quadrats
- Transects
Describe systematic non-random sampling.
Samples are taken at fixed intervals, mostly along a take measure of some sort. Usually use a transect or quadrat
Describe opportunistic non-random sampling.
This is where the sample are is chosen by the investigator, usually based on previous knowledge to get best results
Described stratified non-random sampling.
When different areas in a habitat are identified and sampled separately in proportion to there part of the habitat as a whole
What equation can be used to measure both species richness ans evenness?
The Simpsons Index of Diversity
