4.2 biodiversity

Question 1

define biodiversity

Answer 1

measure of variation in the living world

Question 2

describe habitat biodiversity

Answer 2

range of habitats in which different species live in

Question 3

describe species biodiversity

Answer 3

range of organisms found in a habitat

Question 4

define species evenness

Answer 4

the degree to which species are represented

Question 5

define species richness

Answer 5

number of species in a habitat

Question 6

describe genetic biodiversity

Answer 6

variation between individuals belonging to the same species

Question 7

what are the non-random types of sampling

Answer 7

opportunistic
systematic
stratifies

Question 8

describe random sampling

Answer 8

where samples sites inside a habitat are randomly sampled

Question 9

what are the advantages and disadvantages of random sampling

Answer 9

+ ensures data isnt biased
-may not cover all areas and lead to underestimate of biodiversity

Question 10

describe opportunistic sampling

Answer 10

sampling made based on prior knowledge

Question 11

what are the pros and cons of opportunistic sampling

Answer 11

+quicker and easier than random sampling
-data may be biased
-may lead to an overestimate of biodiversity

Question 12

describe stratifies sampling

Answer 12

dividing habitat into areas which seem different

Question 13

what are the pros and cons of stratified sampling

Answer 13

+ ensures all different areas of a habitat are sampled
-possibility of over-representation

Question 14

describe systematic sampling

Answer 14

when samples are taken at fixed intervals e.g. with a belt transect

Question 15

What are the pros and cons of systematic sampling

Answer 15

+useful when habitat shows gradient e.g. going away from a pond
-only species on the line are counter and others may be missed leading to an underestimate

Question 16

What are some ways plants can be sampled

Answer 16

random quadrats
transect

Question 17

What are some ways to sample animals

Answer 17

sweep net
pitfall trap = hole in ground
tullgren funnel = light trap used to catch flying insects into preserving liquid
longworth trap = used to catch small mammals

Question 18

what is capture recapture

Answer 18

used to calculate size of populations

Question 19

How do you calculate organism populations using capture recapture

Answer 19

capture1 * number of captures2 / number of recaptures

Question 20

What affects biodiversity

Answer 20

human population growth
agriculture
climate change

Question 21

define monoculture

Answer 21

crop consisting of a strain of one species

Question 22

define keystone species

Answer 22

one that has a disproportionate effect upon its environment relative to its abundance

Question 23

define soil depletion

Answer 23

loss of soil fertility caused by removal of minerals or continuous cropping

Question 24

What are some reasons for maintaining biodiversity

Answer 24

ecological -interdependence of organisms and genetic resource
economic
aesthetic

Question 25

what is CITES

Answer 25

the convention on international trade in endangered species

Question 26

how many species were deemed at risk from international trade

Answer 26

25000

Question 27

what are the aims of CITES

Answer 27

regulate and monitor international trade ensure that international trade doesnt endanger survival of populations in the wild ensure that trade of wild plants for commercial use is prohibited ensure that trade for artificially propogated plants is allowed

Question 28

What is standard deviation used to measure?

Answer 28

measures amount of variation or spread from the mean

Question 29

What is the use of the students T-test

Answer 29

used to compare two means

Question 30

What is a null hypothesis

Answer 30

there is no significant correlation between the data

Question 31

What is the use of the correlation coefficient

Answer 31

used to consider relationships between means

Question 32

what does it mean when your answer is below the degree of freedom

Answer 32

It means that you accept the null hypothesis that there is no significant correlation between the data or means

Question 33

What is conservation ex situ

Answer 33

conservation outside the normal habitat of the species

Question 34

What is conservation in situ

Answer 34

active management to maintain biodiversity in the natural environment

Question 35

What is the use of the simpsons index

Answer 35

measure of biodiversity in a habitat and a high value indicates a high biodiversity

Question 36

what are some examples of in situ conservation

Answer 36

establishing protected areas such as national parks controlling or preventing introduction of species habitat protection protecting food sources or nesting sites

Question 37

What are some examples of ex situ conservation

Answer 37

relocating an organism to a safer area e.g. white rhinos from congo to kenya breeding in captivity and reintroducing them to the wild botanic gardens seed banks - freezing seeds and storing them in seed banks

Question 38

what are some advantages and disadvantages of in situ conservation

Answer 38

+ both species and habitat tend to be conserved +less disruptive -difficult to control factors threatening a species such as poachers and climate change

Question 39

what are some advantages and disadvantages of ex situ conservation

Answer 39

+can be used to protect individual animals in a controlled environment so poaching can be managed -only a small number of individuals can be cared for -difficult and expensive to create and sustain that environment -less successful -many species can't bread successfully -many dont adapt to their new environments

Question 40

what are the advantages of botanic gardens

Answer 40

seeds can be stored and germinated in protected areas stored in huge numbers without occupying too much space plants can often be bred asexually prolong their life as they are in their dormant life stage

Question 41

What are the disadvantages of botanic gardens

Answer 41

collecting wild seeds will always cause disturbance may not have representative level of genetic variation seeds from different areas may be genetically different and may not succeed in those areas

Question 42

what is a seed bank

Answer 42

how may seed banks be used collection of seed samples which can stay viable for decades

Question 43

what are the uses of seed banks

Answer 43

provide seeds for food crops and disease resistant crops for agriculture

Question 44

How are seeds stored

Answer 44

dry or freezing conditions

Question 45

describe the aims of the rio convention on biological diversity

Answer 45

conservation of biological diversity and sustainable uses of its components appropriate access to genetic resources and scientific knowledge fair sharing of benefits arising out of the use of genetic resources

Question 46

What does international cooperation involve

Answer 46

sharing of research, genetic information and new technology usually ex situ conservation

Question 47

What does the EIA consider before a development

Answer 47

Biodiversity in the area the size of the development the damage caused by the development the sustainable management of the development

Question 48

give an example of a local conservation scheme

Answer 48

countryside stewardship scheme

Question 49

describe the countryside stewardship scheme

Answer 49

applied to land that was not considered to be in an environmentally sensitive area and provides funding to farmers and other land managers in england to deliver effective environmental management on their land aims of improving natural beauty and biodiversity enhancing and restoring habitats and historical features improve opportunities for public access