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Chemistry > 4.1.2: Alkanes > Flashcards

4.1.2: Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula of alkanes ?

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

What is the general formula of cycloalkanes?

A

CnH2n

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3
Q

What can alkanes be described as ?

A

saturated hydrocarbons

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4
Q

What shape does every alkane form around carbon atoms ?

A

Tetrahedral (109.5)

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5
Q

What bonds do alkanes contain ?

A

sigma bonds from the head on overlap of atomic orbitals

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6
Q

Explain long vs short chain alkanes

A

A longer chain has more SA points of contact meaning more London forces with more energy needed to overcome the intermolecular forces causing higher bp

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7
Q

Explain straight chain vs branched alkanes

A

Straight chain have more SA points of contact so more London forces and more energy needed to overcome the intermolecular forces causing higher bp

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8
Q

What are the products from the complete combustion of alkanes ?

A

H20 and C02

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9
Q

What is the test for H20

A

Dry cobalt chloride paper blue to pink
or Dry copper sulfate white to blue

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10
Q

What is produced from the incomplete combustion of alkanes ?

A

CO and H20

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11
Q

How is CO dangerous and how can it be removed

A

Poisonous as binds to haemoglobin in blood and stops oxygen binding (respiratory problems)
- removed with catalytic converter

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12
Q

How do alkanes react ?

A

Free radical reactions

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13
Q

What are the 3 stages of free radical substitution ?

A
  • Initiation
  • Propogation
  • Termination
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14
Q

What does free radical substitution form ?

A

Halogenoalkanes

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15
Q

What conditions does free radical substitution require ?

A

UV light

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16
Q

What type of bond fission is involved in free radical substitution ?

A

Homolytic

17
Q

What is an issue with free radical substitution and how can it be mitigated ?

A

Makes a mixture of further products as chlorine keeps reacting to for di,tri haloalkane so add excess methane for the chlorine to react with

18
Q

Why will isomers often be produced from free radical substitution

A

As free radical substitution could occur anywhere on the hydrocarbon chain

19
Q

Explain reactivity of alkanes

A

Low reactivity as high bond enthalpies and low polarity of sigma bonds

20
Q

Explain reactivity of fluoroalkanes

A

Very unreactive due to strength of C-F bonds which are stronger than C-H bonds and require lots of energy to break

Chemistry (33 decks)

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