4.1.1 - communicable disease

Question 1

what are communicable diseases caused by

Answer 1

pathogens that are passes between organisms

Question 2

types of pathogens

Answer 2

bacteria, virus, fungi, protist

Question 3

what are the 2 categories of bacteria

Answer 3

basic shape and cell wall

Question 4

what are bacteria like

Answer 4

they are prokaryotic and don’t have membrane bound organelles

Question 5

what are the different shapes of bacteria

Answer 5

rod shaped
spherical
comma
spiralled

Question 6

what are viruses like

Answer 6

they are short sections of RNA surrounded by protein

Question 7

how does viruses infect cells

Answer 7

insert their own RNA into the DNA of a cell

Question 8

are protoctista cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Answer 8

eukaryotic

Question 9

do protoctista exist as single cellular or multicellular

Answer 9

both

Question 10

how are protists transfered

Answer 10

require a vector

Question 11

what do fungi mainly affect

Answer 11

plants

Question 12

how do viruses affect an organism

Answer 12

take over cellular metabolism. Viral genetic material goes into the genetic material of the host. The host makes more viruses that burst out

Question 13

how do protists affect an organism

Answer 13

take over the cell and digest the insides and use this as a medium to reproduce before bursting out

Question 14

how do fungi affect an organism

Answer 14

digest and destroy living cells

Question 15

ways of direct transmission between animals

Answer 15

direct contact
inoculation
ingestion

Question 16

ways of indirect transmission between animals

Answer 16

fomites
vectors
droplet infection
faecal-oral transmission

Question 17

what is a fomite

Answer 17

objects or materials likely to carry infection (inanimate objects such as bedding, socks, cosmetics)

Question 18

what do vectors do

Answer 18

transmit disease from one host to another

Question 19

what is droplet infection caused by

Answer 19

pathogens that remain in the air/contaminated surfaces for sevral hours

Question 20

what are some of the factors that affect the spread of disease between animals

Answer 20

• overcrowded
• poor nutrition
• compromised immune system (HIV/AIDS or after surgery)
• poor disposal of waste
• poor ventilation]homelessness
• migration
• climate change
• infrastructure
• socioeconomic factors

Question 21

how can diseases transmit directly to plants

Answer 21

direct contact
Healthy plant touches any part of an infected plant
Pathogens enter fruit (then seeds) so many, if not all of the offspring will be infected

Question 22

how can diseases transmit indirectly to plants

Answer 22

soil contamination
vectors