4.1.1 - communicable disease Flashcards
what are communicable diseases caused by
pathogens that are passes between organisms
types of pathogens
bacteria, virus, fungi, protist
what are the 2 categories of bacteria
basic shape and cell wall
what are bacteria like
they are prokaryotic and don’t have membrane bound organelles
what are the different shapes of bacteria
rod shaped
spherical
comma
spiralled
what are viruses like
they are short sections of RNA surrounded by protein
how does viruses infect cells
insert their own RNA into the DNA of a cell
are protoctista cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic
eukaryotic
do protoctista exist as single cellular or multicellular
both
how are protists transfered
require a vector
what do fungi mainly affect
plants
how do viruses affect an organism
take over cellular metabolism. Viral genetic material goes into the genetic material of the host. The host makes more viruses that burst out
how do protists affect an organism
take over the cell and digest the insides and use this as a medium to reproduce before bursting out
how do fungi affect an organism
digest and destroy living cells
ways of direct transmission between animals
direct contact
inoculation
ingestion
ways of indirect transmission between animals
fomites
vectors
droplet infection
faecal-oral transmission
what is a fomite
objects or materials likely to carry infection (inanimate objects such as bedding, socks, cosmetics)
what do vectors do
transmit disease from one host to another
what is droplet infection caused by
pathogens that remain in the air/contaminated surfaces for sevral hours
what are some of the factors that affect the spread of disease between animals
- overcrowded
- poor nutrition
- compromised immune system (HIV/AIDS or after surgery)
- poor disposal of waste
- poor ventilation]homelessness
- migration
- climate change
- infrastructure
- socioeconomic factors
how can diseases transmit directly to plants
direct contact
Healthy plant touches any part of an infected plant
Pathogens enter fruit (then seeds) so many, if not all of the offspring will be infected
how can diseases transmit indirectly to plants
soil contamination
vectors
factors affecting transmission of disease in plants
- overcrowded
- planting varieties susceptible to disease
- poor mineral nutrition
- damp and warm conditions
- climate change
