2.1.1 - cell structure Flashcards
formula of magnification
mag=image size/object size
structure of the nucleus
contains gentic info in the form of chromosomes
contains the nucleolus
surrounded by the nuclear envolope that contains pores
functions of the nucleus
controls cells activities (DNA has instructions to produce proteins)
synthesis of ribosomes - nucleolus makes ribosomal RNA
Substance can enter or leave the nucleus and cytoplasm via the nuclear pores
structure of the cell membrane
mainly made of lipids and proteins
functions of the cell membrane
controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
cell signalling - receptors can detect signals from other cells
structure of the mitochondria
contains an enzyme rich liquid called the matrix
contain the own DNA (mtDNA) and ribosomes
function of mitochondria
site of aerobis respiration and produces ATP
where are ribosomes found
free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rer
how many ribosomes does a eukaryotic cell contain
80S
structue of the ribosome
made of proteins and rRNA
consist of a large and small subunit
not surrounded by a membrane
funtion of ribosomes
site of protein synthesis and involved in the process of translation
structure of the golgi
contains fluid filles membrane bound sacs called cisternae
contains smaller vesicles
functions of the golgi
process and package lipids and proteins - carries out by the cisternae
store and transport lipids and proteins - done by vesicles
synthesise lysosomes
structure of the rer
contains cisternae that is covered with ribosomes
what happens at the RER
processing and folding of proteins
what happens at the SER
making and processing of lipids
what is the nucleolus
a very darkly stained area in the nucleus
what does the nucleolus do
contains DNA to make ribosomes
what is the cytosol
the soluble part left over when you remove the organelles form the cytoplasm
what does the cytosol consist of
mainly of water with dissolved substances such as amino acids
where are chloroplasts found
in some plant cells
how are the reactions in the chloroplast isolated from the rest of the cell
it is bound by 2 membranes - an envelope
do chloroplasts contain their own dna
yes
how many ribosomes do chloroplasts have
70S
why do chloroplasts contain chloropyll
for the light dependant reactions during photosynthesis
what is the granum
stacks of thylakoid inside the chloroplast joined together by intergranal lamellae
what is a lysosome
a spherical sac bound by a single membrane (0.5um diam) containing around 40-50 digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes
where are lysosomes made
golgi
what do lysosomes look like under an electron microscope
darkly stained with no clear features
what do lysosomes do
take in and digest material from the outside and inside and are involved in the self destruction of cells in the developmental process
what are cilia and flagella
long thin extensions from the surface of the cell that produce movement