4.1.1 - characteristics of income levels

Question 1

Classifying countries

Answer 1

Allows countries experiencing similar characteristics to be grouped together for the purpose of guiding policies + interventions that my improve HS + H+WB.
- Old way = developed/developing (too subjective)

Question 2

Gross national income (GNI) per capita

Answer 2

Total value of goods + services a country’s citizens produce, including the value of income earned by citizens who may be working in an overseas country.

Question 3

Average incomes

Answer 3

High = $12536+ (Aus, Canada, etc).
Upper middle = $4046-$12535 (China, Fiji, etc).
Lower middle = $1036-$4045 (India, Pakistan, etc).
Low = $1035- (Chad, Uganda, etc).

Question 4

Economic characteristics of high income countries

Answer 4

• Low levels of debt
• Low levels of poverty (no extreme poverty because gov provides benefits)
• High average income
• More global trade opportunities
• Large range of industries

Question 5

Social characteristics of high income countries

Answer 5

• Gender equality = more education + employment opportunities.
• Low birth rates (access to contraception + higher health literacy)
• Stable political + legal systems/govs
• Better access to technology
• Developed health systems

Question 6

Environmental characteristics

Answer 6

• Food security (higher quality food)
• Adequate housing
• More carbon dioxide + other pollutants emitted (due to range of industries)
• Access to safe water + sanitation

Question 7

Characteristics of middle income countries

Answer 7

• Limited access to most things
• Developing trade + health systems
• Mediocre average incomes

Question 8

Characteristics of low income countries

Answer 8

• Lack of knowledge + infrastructure for G+S to be exchanged on a global scale.
• Human rights are challenged (corrupt legal systems)
• Lack of social security systems to protect most vulnerable in community.
• Susceptible to climate change + lack facilities to recover.
• Large amount of urban slums.