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Immunosero Lab (Midterm) > 4.1 Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

4.1 Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Is caused by Hepatitis A, B, C, D or E virus that makes the liver inflamed

A

Viral hepatitis

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2
Q

If diagnosis and treatment are delayed, chronic infection may lead to?

A

Liver cirrhosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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3
Q

Global infection of hepa B?

A

296 million

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4
Q

Hepatitis B infection, South east asia is ranked?

A

3rd (60 million)

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5
Q

47% are attributed to Hepa?

A

B

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6
Q

48% are attribued to Hepa?

A

C

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7
Q

5% for Hepa?

A

A and E

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8
Q

The goal of WHO to eliminate Hepa B and C by how many percent by 2030?

A

90%

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9
Q

Example of Intervention to prevent Hepa virus?

A

3 doses of HBV vaccine

Blood / Injection safety

Harm reduction

HBV and HCV testing and treatment

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10
Q

Non-envelope hepa virus that contains RNA genome

A

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis E

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11
Q

Hepatitis B can be shaped as?

A

Spherical

Elongated

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12
Q

Hepatitis surface antigen is located on?

A

Envelope

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13
Q

Hepatitis surface antigen is located on?

A

Envelope

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14
Q

Hepatitis Capsid is also known as the?

A

Hepatitis Core

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15
Q

Heptitis B virus is a Double stranded DNA?

T or F

A

T

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16
Q

Enveloped Hepa virus that contains RNA genome

A

Hepatitis C Virus

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17
Q

Envelope hepa virus that contains RNA genome and requires HBsAg to be distinguished?

A

Hepatitis D virus

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18
Q

All hepatitis virus contains RNA genome except?

A

Hepatitis B virus

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19
Q

Hepatitis viruses are known as Obligate intracellular pathogens?

T or F

A

T

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20
Q

RNA viruses replicates in the?

A

Cytoplasm

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21
Q

DNA viruses replicates in the?

A

Nucleus

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22
Q

Immune system fights the specific virus leading to production of Antigens against the specific antibodies

T or F

A

F

Immune system fights the specific virus leading to production of antibodies against the specific antigen

T or F

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23
Q

How virus replicates?

A

Attachment
Penetration
Uncoating
Transcription
Translation
Assembly
Budding off
Release

(APUTTA BuR)

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24
Q

Part of virus replication where virus enters into the host cell though endocytosis

A

Penetrtion

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25
Q

Part of virus replication where virus attaches to a receptor on the host cell surface

A

Attachment

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26
Q

Part of virus replication where Viral capsid and release of viral nucleic acid

A

Uncoating

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27
Q

Part of virus replication where produce additional viral nucleic acid

A

Transcription

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28
Q

Part of virus replication where Viral nucleic acid is translated to produce viral protein

A

Translation

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29
Q

What part of the human body specifically in the liver does hepatitis virus infects?

A

Hepatocyte

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30
Q

Functional unit of liver?

A

Hepatic lobules

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31
Q

Viral protein is assembled in which part of the cell?

A

Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

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32
Q

Once the virus manage to replicates in the cell, the cell will undergo? (Other name of cell death)

A

Apoptosis

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33
Q

4 phases of viral infection

asymptomatic; laboratory studies demonstrate serologic and enzyme markers?

A

Phase 1

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34
Q

Phase 1 is also known as?

A

Viral replication phase

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35
Q

4 phases of viral infection

anorexia, nausea, vomiting, alterations in taste, arthralgia, malaise, fatigue, urticaria, and pruritus;having gastroenteritis or a viral syndrome

A

Phase 2

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36
Q

Phase 2 is also known as?

A

prodomal phase

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37
Q

4 phases of viral infection

Dark urine, followed by pale-colored stools

Hepatomegaly

A

Phase 3

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38
Q

Phase 3 is also known as?

A

Icteric phase

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39
Q

4 phases of viral infection

Symptoms and icterus resolve, liver enzymes return to normal

A

Phase 4

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40
Q

Phase 4 is also known as?

A

Convalescent phase

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41
Q

What are liver enzymes that increases phase 1?

A

Alanine Aminotransferase
Aspartase aminotransferase

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42
Q

What causes dark urine?

A

Conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin

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43
Q

Due to excess bilirubin in the blood, this indicates?

A

Jaundice

Hepatomegaly

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44
Q

Where specifically in the liver cause hepatomegaly?

A

Right upper quadrant

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45
Q

Is the following virus correct?

Hepatitis A: 2-4 weeks
Hepatitis D: 3-7 weeks
Hepatitis E: 2-10 weeks

T or F?

A

T

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46
Q

Which of the hepa virus has 4-24 weeks incubation

A

Hepa B

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47
Q

Which of the hepa virus has 2-24 weeks?

A

Hepa C

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48
Q

What of the viruses does not chornicity rate > 6 months?

A

Hepa A

Hepa E (Very rare)

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49
Q

What is the diagnostic marker for HBV?

A

HBsAg (serum)

50
Q

What is the diagnostic marker for HCV?

A

Anti-HCV (Serum)

51
Q

What is the diagnostic marker for HDV?

A

Anti-HDV IgM/IgG (Serum)

52
Q

In hepa B, the chronic state for adults is higher than infants?

T or F

A

F

Infants: 90%
Adults: 5%

53
Q

What chornicity rate for HCV is up to 75%?

T or F

54
Q

Chronic infection type for HDV are:

Coininfection
Superinfection
Surfaceinfection

Which of these does not belong?

A

Surfaceinfection

55
Q

The following causes hepatocellular carinoma:

HAV
HBV
HCV
HDV
HEV

Which of the following does not cause the carcinoma?

A

Hepa A
Hepa E

56
Q

What is the route of transmission for Hepa B, C, and D?

A

Parental

Sexual

Perinatal

57
Q

What is the route of transmission for Hepa A and E?

A

Foodborne

Waterborne

58
Q

The only virus does not have vaccine?

A

Hepa C

HEV is availble in China

59
Q

Hepa D virus can be prevented by Vaccine of Hepa B?

T or F

60
Q

What virus can be CURED?

61
Q

The treatment for this virus is lifelong treatment, what virus is this?

62
Q

If HBV-HDV coinfection treat as HBV?

T or F

63
Q

HAV and HEv does not have treatment?

T or F

A

T

Supportive treatment meaning, the body can eliminate these viruses

64
Q

Sample for both HEV and HAV?

A

Serum or Stool

65
Q

What is being detected in serological test?(Immunoassays)

A

Antibodies

Viral antigen

66
Q

What is being detected in molecular? (PCR)

A

Parts of the virus

Viral nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)

67
Q

Single-used disposable assays

Qualitative in under 30 mins

A

Rapid diagnostic test

68
Q

What are the specimen used in Rapid diagnostic test (RDT)?

A

Finger stick

Venous whole blood

Serum or plasma

Oral fluid

69
Q

EIA, CLIA, ECLS detects antibodies, antigens or a combination of both

T or F

70
Q

A Cut-Off value specifies that point at which the results are considered to be reactive

T or F

71
Q

How is EIA being reported?

A

Optical density / Cut off

72
Q

Uses a magnetic particle coated with anti Hbs

What immunoassay is this?

A

Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA)

73
Q

What measures CMIA?

A

luminometer

74
Q

Neutralization assay confirms?

75
Q

Confirmed as positive for Neutralization assay is the reduction in signal of the neutralized specimen is at least 75%?

T or F

76
Q

Line immunoassay and Immunoblot confirms?

A

Hepatitis C virus

77
Q

To confirm the presence of antibodies to HCV that have already been detected by other serological assays

A

Line immunoassay and immunoblot

78
Q

Detection of low levels of the virus

Detect genotypes or subtypes

Requires sophisticated equipment

A

Molecular assays

79
Q

In HAV

Serological markers that indicates recent or acute infection

A

Anti-HAV IgM

80
Q

In HAV

Serological markers that indicates past exposure or due to vaccination

A

Anti-HAV IgG

81
Q

HAV antigens present in stool is significant in the diagnosis?

T or F

A

F

Not significant

82
Q

In HAV

Molecular test only test symptomatic patients

T or F

83
Q

Molecular test for HAV uses blood or feces?

T or F

84
Q

What are the HBV proteins?

A

S antigen (HBsAg)

E antigen (HBeAg)

Core antigen (HBcAg)

85
Q

“Acute” infection of HBV markers?

86
Q

Indicates replication of HBV?

87
Q

Recovery phase indicatorys?

88
Q

More than 6 months and HBeAg still active along with HBsAg means?

Anti-HBV IgG (+)

A

Chronic infection

89
Q

Cut off for Anti HBs in vaccination

90
Q

HBsAg: Negative
Anti-HBc: Negative
Anti-HBs: Negative

A

Susceptible

91
Q

HBsAg: Negative
Anti-HBc: Positive
Anti-HBs: Positive

A

Immune due to natural infection

92
Q

HBsAg: Negative
Anti-HBc: Negative
Anti-HBs: Positive

A

Immune due to hepatitis B vaccination

93
Q

HBsAg: Negative
Anti-HBc: Negative
Anti-HBs: Positive

A

Immune due to hepatitis B vaccination

94
Q

HBsAg: Positive
Anti-HBc: Positive
IgM anti-HBc: Positive
Anti-HBs: Negative

A

Acute infection

95
Q

HBsAg: Positive
Anti-HBc: Positive
IgM anti-HBc: Negtaive
Anti-HBs: Negative

A

Chronically infected

96
Q

HBsAg: Negative
Anti-HBc: Positive
Anti-HBs: Negtaive

A

Unclear

  1. Resolved infection (Most common)
  2. False-positive anti-HBc; thus susceptible
  3. “Low level” chronic infection
  4. Resolving acute infection
97
Q

In molecular assays for HBV DNA:

HBV DNA Qualitative determines presence or absence of HBV DNA

HBV DNA quantitative measures the viral load

T or F

98
Q

More than 200,000 copies/mL indicates?

A

Rapid replication (Clinically significant

99
Q

Less than 300 copies/mL indictes?

A

Low or undetectable

100
Q

Viral load is useful to monitol treatment response

T or F

101
Q

After 6 months, HCV RNA is diminished or gone

ALT level is returning back to normal

Infection is resolved

A

Acute HCV infection: Resolved

102
Q

HCV RNA is persistent, and anti HCV

Fluctuating ALT

A

HCV chronic infection

103
Q

Serologic markers for HCV?

A

Anti-HCV IgM
Anti-HCV IgG

104
Q

Used to confirm infection in HCV positive antibody testing

A

HCV RNA qualitative

105
Q

To measure a patient’s baseline viral load prior to starting HCV therapy

To monitor a patient’s response to therapy

To determine whether a patient has achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR)

A

HCV RNA quantitative

106
Q

HCV RNA qualitative positive is detected _________ weeks after infection

107
Q

Determine the exact genotype and subtype of the virus

A

Genotyping

108
Q

Purpose of genotyping is to provide effective treatment

T or F

109
Q

PEG-IFN-a/Ribavirin treatment is more effective in patients with genotypes 1 or 2 than in patients with genotype 3

T or F

A

F

PEG-IFN-a/Ribavirin treatment is more effective in patients with genotypes 2 or 3 than in patients with genotype 1

110
Q

HCV antibody nonreactive indicates?

A

No HCV antibody detected

111
Q

HCV antibody reactive indicates?

A

Presumptive HCV infection

112
Q

HCV antibody reactive,
HCV RNA detected

indicates?

A

Current HCV infection

113
Q

HCV antibody reactive,
HCV RNA not detected

indicates?

A

No current HCV infection

114
Q

Serologic markers for HDV:

HBsAg and HDV positive indicates?

A

Co-infection from HBV and HDV

115
Q

Serologic markers for HDV:

Anti-HDV positive plus IgM anti-HBc indicates?

A

Co infection

116
Q

Serologic markers for HDV:

Anti-HDV positive plus IgG anti-HBc indicates?

A

Superinfection

117
Q

Serologic markers for HEV:

Anti-HEV IgM indicates?

A

Acute infection that is elevated in 4 weeks

118
Q

Serologic markers for HEV:

Anti-HEV IgG indicates?

A

Past infection that is elevatd after 4 weeks to years

119
Q

Gold standard for molecular in HEV?

A

HEV RNA PCR

120
Q

HEV appearances in feces late about ___ weeks than blood specimen

121
Q

HEV RNA is undetectable 3 weeks after showing symptoms

T or F?

Immunosero Lab (Midterm) (5 decks)

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