4.1 Biological Biochemical processes Flashcards
What are the three main types of criminological theories?
- individualistic
- biological
- sociological
What are the two types of policy making mentioned?
- informal policy making
- formal policy making
What are some examples of policies that could inform crime control?
- penal populism
- zero tolerance
- CCTV
- restorative justice
- multi-agency approach
Which biochemical factor is linked with criminality and is associated with aggression?
testosterone
What type of treatment is used to control criminal or anti-social behaviour by affecting biochemical processes?
Drug Treatments
Fill in the blank: Antabuse treatment is used for _______.
alcoholism
What is one policy used for heroin addicts?
Methadone treatment
What is a method used to calm violent prisoners?
Sedatives
How can diet be modified to influence behaviour?
By changing antisocial behaviour
What surgical intervention has been used to prevent offending?
Surgery to alter offenders’ brains or bodies
What is the purpose of crowd control methods?
To control groups using chemical substances
What is one study related to prisoners’ diets mentioned in the document?
Gesch et al study into supplementing prisoners’ diets
Fill in the blank: Vitamin B3 is used to treat _______.
schizophrenia
What is one policy related to the dietary modification of children?
Removing artificial colouring from children’s diet
What is a policy that involves surgical intervention for sex offenders?
Surgical castration
What controversial procedure was used to treat paranoid schizophrenia?
Lobotomy
What is one chemical substance used for dispersing rioters?
Tear gas
What does chemical castration aim to reduce in sex offenders?
Sexual violence recidivism
What is one effect of chemical castration on sexual behaviour?
- reduces libido
- reduces sexual function
- lowers sexual interest
What evidence suggests the effectiveness of chemical castration?
Evidence shows a drop in recidivism rates from 60% to below 30%
True or False: Chemical castration is a fully effective long-term solution for preventing crime.
False
What is a concern regarding the long-term effects of chemical castration?
Some offenders re-offend within years of stopping treatment
What other factors might contribute to sexual recidivism aside from biochemical treatments?
Psychological factors
