41, 42, 44

Question 1

7 types of anaemia

Answer 1

1. excess loss - acute or chronic
2. failure of production of RBCs - usually genetic
3. deficiency anaemia - Fe, B12, Folate - pernicious
4. marrow disease
5. excess destruction
6. sickle cell anaemia
7. thalassaemia

Question 2

causes of thrombocytopenia

Answer 2

1. decreased production - marrow disease, liver disease, cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy
2. increased destruction - ITP

Question 3

4 types of leukaemia

Answer 3

1. acute
2. chronic
3. lymphoid
4. myeloid

Question 4

characteristic of burkitts lymphoma

Answer 4

bone lesions

Question 5

things to be aware of with leukaemia patients

Answer 5

control infection
haemorrhage risk
dealing with anaemia
drug side effects

Question 6

what is myeloma

Answer 6

malignant neoplasm of plasma cells (which are made in bone marrow)

Question 7

5 features of myeloma

Answer 7

1. bone pain + fracture
2. anaemia + infection
3. monoclonal gammopathy - raised IgG
4. hypercalcaemia
5. renal failure

Question 8

oral manifestations of myeloma

Answer 8

macroglossa + togue amyloidosis

Question 9

what is aplastic anaemia

Answer 9

marrow disease - all cells reduced

anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

all features of leukaemia without malignancy

Question 10

what group of people does BMS usually effect

Answer 10

post menopausal women

Question 11

other clinical features of BMS

Answer 11

xerostomia
altered taste sensation - metallic/bitter
often mental health problem

tongue > lower mucosal lip
burning appears suddenly - no known precipitating incident
constant - better on awakening, worsens through day

Question 12

what is alpha-lipoid acid a treatment for

Answer 12

BMS

it is an antioxidant

Question 13

topical therapy used for BMS

Answer 13

clonazepam

Question 14

main features of sjogrens syndrome

Answer 14

dry eye, dry mouth, muscle/joint pain, fatigue

inflammation of salivary glands

Question 15

2 categories of sjogrens syndrome

Answer 15

primary

secondary

Question 16

3 markers of salivary gland involvement for diagnosis of sjogrens syndrome

Answer 16

1. unstimulated whole salivary flow <1.5ml in 15mins
2. parotid sialography showing presence of diffuse sialectasias
3. salivary scintigraphy showing dealer uptake, reduced conc and/or delayed excretion of tracer

Question 17

test for sjogrens

Answer 17

biopsy of salivary gland to determine in inflammation present

Question 18

what is focus score

Answer 18

no. of foci in 4mm2 of glandular tissue when assessing for sjogrens syndrome

Question 19

what autoimmune diseases can secondary sjogrens be associated with

Answer 19

rheumatoid arthritis - most common
SLE
systemic sclerosis
primary biliary cholangitis

Question 20

what is biggest risk of sjogrens syndrome

Answer 20

lymphoma risk

Question 21

what imaging used for salivary glands

Answer 21

ultrasound