403 Landscape Design Flashcards
The area that draws the eye and brings focus is known as
Focal point
Even numbers suggest formality or naturality
Formality
What is the purpose of landscape design
Unity
When a focal point is clear it is considered formal or informal
Formal
Negative space is a focal point that provides what in landscape design
Pause and clarity
Is turf an assit and focal point
Yes
Can focal points act as point of orientation, create movement and focus attention
Yes
“Each ‘block’ appears narrower than the one in front of it, and the use of parallel lines, running long in the axis appears more distant.
Making the focal point at the end a little bit disproportionately small will do the same. “ What is this an example of ?
Forced perspective
“main direction of movement, most convenient. People moving in a hurry. Car to front door.” is an example of which line
Primary line
“Paths to things that are less important in the landscape. Still functional. Less of a hurry.’ is an example of which line
Secondary line
“lead directly to a point and reveal all of the options at once” is this an example of a Static or Dynamic line
Static
A line that invites motion but does not have visable end point is an example of Static or Dynamic line
Dynamic
Formal landscapes use static or dynamic lines
Static
How many shapes can be used at max in a design to prevent chaos
3 Max.
The use of shapes in a landscape is an example of which design element
Form
What is the point of being outdoors
To feel outdoors
Should ceilings be used lavishly in landscapes
No, the should be used sparingly
Forms that draw the eye to the horizon, emphasize a large space and tie elements to the ground are called
Horizontal/Prostrate forms
Walls, vertical interests and tight columns are examples of what sort of forms
Vertical/Ascending forms
Can string lights be used to create a ceiling
Yes
What are the primary colours
Red, Yellow and Blue
What are the secondary colours
Green, Violet, Orange
How are tertiary colours made
By mixing primary and secondary colours
What are the neutral colours
White, grey, and silver
What are the free colours
Green, White and Brown
What is the rule of thumb when using colours
Use 3 colours max
Can colour schemes be reset with the season
Yes
“Two primary colours with the ones between them on the colour wheel. Creates a visual blending & unity” this is an example of which colour scheme
Analogous
The use of Yellow and Violet is an example of which colour scheme
Direct Complimentary
The use of yellow, red violet and blue violet is an example of which colour scheme
Split Complimentary
The use of Yellow, Blue and Red is an example of which colour scheme
Triadic Complimentary
The use of hue and varations of one colour is an example of which colour scheme
Monochromatic
Can colour be achieved with structural elements as well
Yes
Red, yellows and oranges make large areas seem
Smaller
Cool colours make a small area seem
Larger
Colours that are good for accent and nightscapes are
Silver and Grey
Blocking colours creates a more naturalistic, informal landscape
No
Blending colours creates a more naturalistic, informal landscape
Yes
Blocking colours creates a more traditonal, formal landscape
Yes
Using the same colour and different textures creates Unity
Yes
Mixing colours and textures creates Unity
No
Course vs ? texture
Fine
Smooth vs ? texture
Rough
Heavy vs ? texture
Light
Dense vs ? texture
Airy
Flowers and water add what elements to a landscape
Sound and Fragrance
Ensuring all items are proportionately arranged is an example of which principal
Scale
The two thirds rule and the Fibonacci sequence is used with which principal
Scale
The use of striking opposites in order to gain attention is an example of which principal
Contrast
The distribution of elements evenly or massed throughout a landscape is an example of which principal
Balance
Carrying items from front to back in a landscape is uses which design principal
Repetition and Rhythm
In a meditation garden what is the viewer ment to focus on
The negative space
Who has fiduciary obligation to a school board, the architect hired by the school board or the contractor hired by the architect or both
The architect
Which landscape is commonly characterized by the use of rectilinear lines. Monochromatic colour schemes. Black mulch. More hardscaping than softscape materials. Low maintenance.
Modern gardens
This plane can aid in the formation of lines. It is useful in creating a sense of space, conjuring emotion, or manipulating movement; but must be used artfully so that it doesn’t chunk up the landscape
Vertical/Ascending
English cottage landscapes are characterized by
Dynamic lines and bold use of colour in the perennial flowers and shrubs
The principal of design that is used to create a sense of motion and unity in a landscape is
Repetition
Which design style is characterized by : most items gave specific functions. The use of edible/medicinal herbs. Space for prayer. Materials sourced locally.
Medieval garden
What are the 3 levels of Government
Federal, Provincial, Municipal.
Who’s responsibility is the displace and procurement of permits legally but who often does the procurement
The Homeowner. The Contractor
What is Velum paper for
Hand drafting master plan
What is trace paper for
Overlays/concept planning
What is Bond ( white paper ) for
CAD Master Plan
Invisible, buried, and overhead lines are delineated with which line
Dashed lines.
Solid lines delineate what on a design
Tangible lines
Double lines delineates what on a design
Low elevation change
Using a straight edge, drawing once, no ticks, and careful joints are all
Line rules
What is the goal of drafting
Clarity
What is line weight
The thickness of the line
A top-down view of design plan is known as
Birds eye view or plan view
Lightest weight line are used for plants above 2.4m
No, they are used for plants below 1m
The darkest line weights are used for plants above 2.4m in height
Yes
Mid weight lines are uses for plants between 1-2.4m
Yes
What is elevation view used for
Side drawings, providing views of fances or privacy screens
Section views are used to show what?
Construction view
Isometric views show you what
3D views
Softer edged plant symbols represent
Deciduous broadleaf
Sharp edges/pokey plant symbols represent what
Evergreen, needled.
In a design, perfect circles would represent something natural or unnatural
Unnatural
What is the purpose of the center dot in a plant
It indicates actual planting location
Do stepping stones need center points
No
For concept plans do you need to use architectural lettering
No
Uniformity of shape, consistent height, straight lines, ALL BLOCK format, margins and spacing are the rules for what
Architectural lettering
Consistent angles, Cannot cross each other, Plants - can connect with the center, Items - can connect with the edge. These are the rules for what ?
Leader lines.
Can there be any labels on the residence other then Residence on a design
No
TYP is an abbreviation for when labeling
Typical
Adding a little more detail to the bottom right of the symbol is known as
Shading
Can shading obscure other symbols or labels
No
Darkening the outline of the outside of a symbol is known as
Shadowing
Should stepping stones be shadowed on a drawing
No
Do you shadow only medium and dark line weights?
Yes
Why do you only shadow the bottom right of a symbol
Because on the drawing, the sun is assumed to be on the top left
The aim of colour rending is what
To add interest and clarity
Having a plan, draw repetitive items serially for maximum consistency, starting at ground level and moving up, and don’t be afraid to use a ruler are all tips for
Colour rendering
How many colours should be used for colour rendering
- 2 colours and white
Must line weights be maintained when colouring
Yes
What does CAD stand for
Computer Aided Design
Drawing Accuracy, reproductions are quick and to-scale, reproductions are identical to original, easy storage and simple to 3D model are all advantages of
CAD
Software incompatibility, computers do not compensate for Human Error, computers do not make design decisions are all drawbacks of
CAD
the ‘hand’ icon that allows you to grab the design and move it around. This describes
Pan
In 3D views, you can spin items. This describes
Orbit
Usually allows you to view the entire page. This describes
Zoom extents
Title blocks are always found where
The bottom or right hand side
Project information, Customer name, address, company information, Sheet specific information are found where
The Title block.
Where are notes and plant lists found
In the spec book
What is something that people often forget in relation to lawns
Lawn edging
Does the title block need to be in proportion to the drawing
Yes
Constructed by creating a shallow trench through the landscape and gently contouring sides. This describes a
Swale
Weeping tile is an example of what sort of drainage system
Subsurface Drainage System
Also sometimes called a “catch basin” or Dry Well - water goes in, sits and percolates into the sub grade.
Usually it is a hole with washed rock, as shown. It can be a sort of perforated tank as well (usually with an inspection port and overflow release on top). This describes a
Infiltration Gallery
The proper name for Weeping Tile is
Rolled Corrugated Plastic Pipe.
What is the minimum slope for drainage
2%
Can PVC used for drainage be installed at a slighter angle than 2%, say 1%
Yes
Pop up emitters must be installed ABOVE or BELOW the inlet of water to ensure sufficient drop and subsequent drainage of pipes?
Below
French Drain (gravel, no pipe)
Drainage Trench (PVC or Big O). These are examples of what kind of drainage
Subsurface
Swales (where do they go?)
Rain Barrels
Free flow
Channel Drain (attaches to underground in landscape applications)
These are example of what kind of drainage
Surface
What is the max allowable voltage drop
1.5V
What is the practical voltage drop
1.3V
Voltage drop =
(wattage x run)/constant
Is 18g wire bigger or smaller than 12g wire
Smaller
Do written specs. always take precedence over the drawing.
Yes
The purpose of a spec. book is to add?
Clarity
“Essential technical requirements for items, materials, services, and procedures which are used to determine whether the work requirement has been met.” this describes
Specifications
Required on sites with many removals.
May have multiple overlays for trees vs existing structures.
Emphasizes any existing material to be removed. This describes a ? plan
Demolition plan
Reduction of visual clutter on large scale or very detailed plans. Allows a clear view of where specific components are placed. This describes a ? plan
Layout plan (functional plan, Plot plan, staking plan)
Provides measurements onsite. This describes a ? plan
Dimension plan
Show the vertical location of all proposed improvements.
A key component is the benchmark
Elevations are created using slope calculations from the Benchmark
Heights are given above and below ground
Drainage is specified.
This describes a ? plan
Grading plan
Grading plans include what other plans
Drainage plans
The Key Stakeholders in the design process are always:
Client and Designer
A person who has a Fiduciary duty:
Is obligated to protect the financial interests or assets of another
Selecting trees that are appropriately zoned for an area, and that you know will succeed in the specific application you’ve put them in (such as putting a birch only in a zone 2 planting with organic soil and plenty of water) is an example of
Making a plan functional
Following up on a creative design idea like a tiered deck to make sure that it complies with local bylaws is an example of:
Making a plan practicable
Making suggestions to the customer to make sure their creative ideas still comply with the principles and elements of design is an example of:
Making a plan aesthetically pleasing
Checking your list of opportunities and constraints prior to your concept presentation to ensure you did “check all the boxes” is an example of:
Making a plan functional
Parterre style landscapes describe:
French style gardens with labyrinths made out of close cropped hedges
Strong sense of symbolism in focal points chosen.
Tension between the manmade and the natural.
Predominant use of the colour red. This describes what style of landscape?
Oriental Garden
When designing access through the property during the concept planning phase, what are the key considerations that dictate your pathways?
The most direct line from origin to destination, and sizing to suggest priority.
The purpose of a Design Proposal is
To state design objectives
Development of a bar scale is necessary in order to:
Provide a relative measure when scale is skewed by photocopying.
How the shapes of our plant material compliment our linear layout
The “walls” that we’ll use to create a sense of enclosure
The “flooring” materials and grade changes we use to create a sense of space
The way we “bring down the roof” with string lights at night time
These are things we consider when we look at ? as a design element?
Form
Which of these items MUST be present on every Master Plan, but it can be in the title block OR the main drawing section of the sheet?
North Arrow
In which of the principles of design do we consider the Fibonacci sequence of numbers and the Golden Mean in order to create natural looking spaces?
Scale
What factor determines the paper size and scale of a drawing?
Project scope: the biggest image is the ideal
Why is 3D modelling becoming so popular in the design industry?
It allows for real time viewing, which helps customers visualize
Which filetype is comprised of pixels, making it potentially limited in function?
Raster
The main difference between a Construction Detail and a section view on another drawing is:
The Construction Detail includes measurements and materials.
While interpreting a Construction Detail, I notice “NTS” written by the title. It is correct for me to:
Use only the written dimensions on the plan.
Construction Documents differ from the Master Plan in that the lineweights are almost exclusively assigned by:
Priority
The purpose of a functional diagram is to:
Identify spatial layout of the site
After you’ve presented your three concepts to a customer and they’ve given you their feedback, the next step is to create a(n):
Preliminary Master Plan
Which type of Technical Drawing has the primary function of showing vertical relationships on a Landscape Site?
The Grading Plan
Why is it advisable to create three concept plans when working through the design process?
It suggests three different stylistic or aesthetic approaches to the same functional criteria
Angle and height of mount
Symbols marking where the individual fixtures are located
General notes that include information regarding conduit, switches, & connectors.
These are all things that should be included on a ? plan
Lighting plan
How do Planting Plan symbols change from Master Plan to Planting Plan?
Complexity may be reduced
The Ames Lettering Guide is a tool used for
Create custom line for different sizes of lettering
When drafting manually, lines should be drawn
Confidently, with crisp joints and a steady speed.
The Property Line is represented with a bold dashed line because
It is vitally important to the design but is not an actual tangible item in the landscape
The center dot or X in a plant symbol represents
The exact placement of the tree trunk or plant rootball
B leads contain more graphite and are
Softer leads and create darker lines
In the metric scale 1:100, 1cm on the ruler =
100cm in the field
Is a .dpd a vector file
Yes
What tool would be most effective for helping someone who cannot visualize what you’re describing
A 3D model walkthrough
Image files that can be somewhat limited in function depending on size and filetype are known as
Raster Image
Often not widely supported, usually need to know the program it was generated in describes the downside of what files
Vector files
What is a file extension
3-4 letters that indicated the format of a file
The type of viewing afforded by 3D modeling software is called
Real time viewing
H lead contains more clay and are
Harder leads, creating lighter lines
One of the benefits of layers includes
The ability to turn groupings of information on and off for visual clarity
Lowercase lettering is acceptable on which drawing
Concepts and rough drafts
Square pixel based, dot matrix images files describes
Raster images
The paper most often used for hand drawing the final master plan is
Vellum
Lower capital cost, lower company overhead and artistic expression are advantages of
Hand drafting
Can the Architectural Lettering System include lower case lettering
No
