4. Transmembrane Transport Flashcards
What is molarity?
concentration of a solution in terms of moles of solute per volume of solution
What is the equation for molarity?
(moles solute) / (liters of solution)
What is molality?
concentration in terms of moles of solute per mass of solvent
What is the equation for molality?
(moles solute) / (kg of solvent)
What is mole fraction?
fraction of moles of a given substance relative to the total moles in a solution
What is the equation for mole fraction?
(moles of substance S) / (total moles in solution)
What are electrolytes?
free ions in a solution
What is the van’t Hoff factor?
tells us how many ions one unit of a substance will produce in solution
What are the four colligative properties?
vapor-pressure depression
boiling-point elevation
freezing-point depression
osmotic pressure
What is vapor pressure?
pressure exerted by the gaseous phase of a liquid evaporated from the exposed surface of the liquid
What are volatile liquids?
easily vaporized liquids
What is diffusion?
tendency for liquids and gases to fully occupy available volume
What is osmosis?
special type of diffusion in which solvent rather than solute diffuses
What is a semipermeable membrane?
membrane that allows water to pass but not another solute
What is tonicity?
term used to describe osmotic gradients
