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Eukaryotic Cells > 2. The Organelles > Flashcards

2. The Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary feature that distinguishes prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells?

A

presence of a nucleus

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2
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

genome

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3
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A

two lipid bilayers that separates the contents of the nucleus into distinct compartments and isolates the nucleus from other organelles and the cytoplasm

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4
Q

In eukaryotes, what processes occur in the nucleus?

A

replication
transcription
splicing

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5
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

separate linear DNA molecule

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the centromere?

A

ensure newly replicated chromosomes are sorted properly during cell division

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7
Q

What is heterchromatin?

A

regions of chromosome that are folded into densely packed chromatin

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8
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

regions of chromosome that are loosely packed

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9
Q

What is the nuclear matrix/scaffold?

A

structure that provides support and regulates gene expression

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10
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

region within the nucleus which functions as a ribosome factory

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11
Q

What is contained in the nucleolus?

A

loops of DNA
RNA polymerases
rRNA
protein components of the ribosome

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12
Q

What is the function of nuclear pores?

A

allow passage of material into and out of the nucleus

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13
Q

What is the nuclear localization sequence?

A

sequence of basic amino acids that allow larger molecules to pass through the nuclear envelope to the nuclear interior

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14
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

A

mitochondria

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15
Q

What is the matrix of the mitochondria?

A

interior of the mitochondria that is bound by the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes

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16
Q

Where are pyruvate dehydrogenase and the enzymes of the Krebs cycle located?

A

mitochondrial matrix

17
Q

What is the main function of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

electron transport chain and ATP synthase

18
Q

What is the main function of the outer mitochondrial membrane?

A

contains large pores that allow free passage of small molecules

19
Q

What is maternal inheritance in relation to mitochondria?

A

mitochondria are only inherited from the mother since the cytoplasm of the egg becomes the cytoplasm of the zygote

20
Q

What is the main physical distinction between the rough ER and the smooth ER?

A

rough ER contains ribosomes bonded to its surface

Eukaryotic Cells (11 decks)

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