#4 Take Home Exam

Question 1

Attachment protein in plasma membrane

Answer 1

stabilizes the plasma membrane with cytoskeleton fibers

Question 2

Receptor protein in plasma membrane

Answer 2

have active sites that bind with specific messenger molecules outside the cell that can then regulate processes within the cell

Question 3

Recognition protein in plasma membrane

Answer 3

these proteins make it possible for the body’s immune system to distinguish between cells that belong to the body and foreign invader cells that do not belong

Question 4

Transport protein in plasma membrane

Answer 4

they allow large and/or charged molecule to move across the plasma membrane

Question 5

Junction protein in plasma membrane

Answer 5

they form various types of junctions between animal cells

Question 6

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 6

Mosaic because membrane made of different types of molecules

Fluid because membrane is flexible and molecules can move around

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

molecules moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

diffusion of water molecules down a concentration gradient across membrane

Question 9

Endocytosis

Answer 9

the process of bringing bulky items into the cell and forma vacuole

Question 10

Exocytosis

Answer 10

the process of moving bulky molecules out of the cell

Vacuole fuses with cell membrane and releases contents to outside

Question 11

simple diffusion

Answer 11

simple diffusion is where molecules move across the plasma membrane WITHOUT the assistance of another molecule

Question 12

facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

facilitated diffusion is where molecules move across the plasma membrane WITH the help of another molecule

Question 13

facilitated transport

Answer 13

facilitated transport is a specific kind of facilitated diffusion that requires a special carrier protein

Question 14

Provide two examples of molecules that rely on simple diffusion to move across a plasma membrane

Answer 14

Molecules of O2 and CO2

Question 15

What kind of special proteins are required for facilitated transport

Answer 15

a carrier protein

Question 16

Provide two examples of molecules that rely on facilitated diffusion to move across a plasma membrane.

Answer 16

C1- and amino acids

Question 17

Provide two examples of molecules that rely on facilitated transport to move across a plasma membrane

Answer 17

glucose and sodium ions


Question 18

What happens to a cell if you stick it in a hypertonic solution

Answer 18

Water would end up diffusing out the cell so it would therefore shrink

Question 19

What happens to a cell if you stick it in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 19

water diffuses into the cell so therefore the cell would swell up


Question 20

What happens to a cell if you stick it in a isotonic solution?

Answer 20

The cell would stay the same

Question 21

What can active transport accomplish that passive transport cannot

Answer 21

Active transport moves molecules and moves molecules up or against their concentration gradient

Question 22

Provide two examples of a molecule that moves across the plasma membrane via active transport

Answer 22

Na+/K+ (sodium-potassium) Pump

the stomach cells pumping H+ ions into the stomach

Question 23

Briefly describe the following type of endocytosis: phagocytosis

Answer 23

Phagocytosis is when the cell brings in food forming a food vacuole

Question 24

Briefly describe the following type of endocytosis: pinocytosis

Answer 24

Pinocytosis is when the cell brings in fluid forming a vesicle

Question 25

Briefly describe the following type of endocytosis: receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 25

Receptor-mediated endocytosis brings very specific a molecules into the cell bound to receptor proteins embedded in the cell membrane


Question 26

What is the extracellular matrix (ECM)

Answer 26

The extracellular matrix hold cells together in tissues and protects and supports the plasma membrane

Question 27

What is the ECM composed of?

Answer 27

it consists of glycoproteins