#1 Take Home Exam Flashcards
Biology
The study of life
Cell
Basic and smallest unit of life
Prokaryote
a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound
nucleus
Eukaryote
organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes
Eukaryote
Hypothesis
An educated guess based on personal knowledge, knowledge of theories, research
Theory
A tested, well-sustained, unifying explanation for a given phenomenon
Independent variable
The variable that the scientist manipulates or changes to observe
the effect of that change
Dependent variable
The variable that depends on and will be affected by the conscious manipulation of the independent variable
Controlled variable
Any of the experimental elements which is constant and unchanged across all treatments in the experiment
Peer-reviewed Journal
journals which are reviewed by several other experts in the field before the article is published
All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. List the five features that are shared by all cells (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells)
Plasma membrane DNA Ribosomes Cytoskeletons Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
regulates the entrance and exit of molecules from cell
DNA
the carrier of genetic information in a cell
Ribosomes
synthesizes protein in a cell
Cytoskeletons
the internal framework of a cell
Cytoplasm
responsible for giving a cell its shape and contains the organelies
6 properties shared by all living organisms:
- Order
- Response to the environment
- Reproduction and development
- Evolutionary adaptation
- Regulation and homeostasis
- Energy processing
Order
All living things are highly organized
Response to the environment
All living things are capable of responding to stimuli
Reproduction and development
All living things produce offspring through cellular
division, the cells grow and develop into individuals capable of reproduction
Evolutionary adaptation
All living things are the product of adaptation through
evolution that has made them suitable for their environment
Regulation an homeostasis
All living things maintain an internal environment necessary for life
Energy processing
All living things take in energy and utilize that energy to drive biological processes
List the six steps (or rules) of the scientific method
- Ask a question about what you observed
- do background research
- construct a hypothesis
- test your hypothesis by conducing an experiment
- analyze the data and draw a conclusion
- Share your results and put your knowledge to use
Describe the anatomy of an atom. Include in your answer the name, charge and location of each of the three subunits of a typical atom.
The anatomy of a cell contains a very small dense nucleus containing positively charged protons and neutral charged neutrons. The nucleus is surrounded by as many negatively charged electrons as there are protons in the nucleus.
The number of one of those three atomic subunits defines which type of atom it is. In other words how do we know which chemical
element a particular atom is?
By the number of protons in the nucleus
What must be true of the number of protons and electrons in a
run-of-the-mill atom with a neutral charge.
They are the same number
What is the octet rule in chemistry?
The tendency of atoms or groups of atoms that are bonded together to peer eight elections filling the outermost S and P orbital shells (also called valence shells)
