Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2711 Midterm > 4: Physical Health & Aging > Flashcards

4: Physical Health & Aging Flashcards

1
Q

intrinsic vs extrinsic

A

Intrinsic (normal Wear & Tear)
- Variations in speed but a universal occurrence

Extrinsic (environment)
- Depends on lifestyle and contextual factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Survival

A

proportion of people who are still alive after an event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mortality

A

number of death in a population during a given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Morbidity

A

any departure from health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Disability

A

reduction in capacity of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gene-environment Interactions

A

Interactions between ‘environment’ and ‘body’ throughout time
- environment and biology work together or against each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

critical period model

A

exposure during a specific time has lasting or lifelong effect
- ex. getting diagnosed with diabetes today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

accumulation of risks model

A

the increase in # or duration of exposure, produces cumulative damages and thus a higher risk for disease

ex. exposed to heavy smoking for 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chain of risk model

A

what happened in younger years led to something that produced something else

Ex. trauma led to depression which led to a lack of physical exercise which led to a decline in mobility in old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Standard Measure of Disability

A
  1. SPPB: a composite measure of balance+ gait speed + rise from a chair ris
  2. Nagi: self-report of walking, lifting and handing objects
  3. LLDI: frequency of and limitations in performing mostly social activities (family, travel, going out, ….)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prevention programs need to be 3

A

Targeted, feasible, accessible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

compression of morbidity

A

severe chronic illness would occur for a short time near the end of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

squaring of the survival curve indicates

A

there is a finite life span that exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Maximum life span

A

max # of years a member of a species can live
○ 110-125 y/o (same for past 100,000 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

life expectancy

A

of years at birth an avg. member of the population can expect to live
men = 79.9 years
women = 84.1 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

majority of seniors report being in good health, only __% of frail, older seniors report the same

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chronic illness (& who has higher rates)

A

medical condition that has lasted or is expected to last 6 months & has been diagnosed by a healthcare professional
- women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

epidemiological transition

A

the transition society makes when it moves from a high rate of acute illness to a high rate of chronic illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

health deficit accumulation

A

the accumulation of medical conditions, disabilities, and chronic illnesses over time as a person ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

prevalence of chronic disease - highest and lowest

A

Cancer = least prevalent
hyper-tension = most prevalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Functional Disability

A

limitation in the performance of normal daily activities due to illness or injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ICF model
(International Functional Classification of Disability and Health)

A
  • relationships between pathology and disability
  • Begins with the disorder
    … condition affects physical functions, activity, & social life
  • Focuses on personal, social, and environmental
    supports
  • not every condition goes from disease -> disability
  • arrow in 2 directions = CAN recover from disability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

activities of daily living (ADL)

A

performed daily: bathing, moving from bed to chair, dressing, using toilet, eating, walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IADL = instrumental activities of daily living

A

Home management activities: using the phone, prepping meals, managing finances, shopping, housework

25
activity reduction model
concept that PAIN makes activities such as personal care, social relations and leisure more difficult
26
sense threshold
the points at which a person can begin to perceive a stimulus - can increase by 30 - noticed by 60
27
what are the most hazardous activities for all ages
bathing, showering, and getting out of tub/shower - account for over 2/3rds of emergency visits
28
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 4th leading cause of death in Canada - 80-90% caused by smoking - Perfumes, cold/ hot air can irritate the lungs - Poor air quality, second hand smoke pose risks
29
hypokinesia
physical problems due to lack of movement
30
3 responses can help person cope with physical decline
1. change in environment 2. improvements in technology 3. changes in lifestyle
31
computers - more than __ seniors use home internet - who has more access - barriers
- 1/2 - higher levels of education and income - lack of familiarity, lack of training, cost
32
3 things necessary for aids to be useful
1. people have to KNOW about them 2. people have to UNDERSTAND their usefulness 3. products have to be AFFORDABLE and ACCESSIBLE
33
what is one of the leading causes of disease and death
smoking
34
___ minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is recommended
150 minutes per week
35
changes in exercise lifestyle:
- fewer days poor mental health - improves mental ability - can reverse/prevent illnesses - better functioning in homes and greater independence
36
metabolic rate ____ with age
decreases
37
WHO recommends what to reduce chronic illness
- cut down on salt and dietary fat - encourage physical activity - encourage fruit/vegetable diet - stop smoking
38
stress can lead to
- heart disease, stroke, high BP, immune complications - smoking, alcohol abuse, bad diet - lower life satisfaction
39
Disability free life expectancy
the years of remaining life free of any disability
40
Dependence free life expectancy
of years of remaining life that a person will live in a state free of dependence on others for daily tasks
41
Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
the # of years a person can expect to live in good health
42
3 signs of successful aging
- low chance of disease/disability - high mental/physical functioning - active social engagement
43
SOC Model of Successful Aging
SELECT activities that OPTIMIZE their ability, and when they can no longer engage in that activity, they COMPENSATE for losses by setting new priorities - encourage people at any age to make most of their abilities
44
seniors in highest income group were __x more likely to report better health - who is at greatest risk
2x - indigenous, immigrant, racial minorities, rural seniors
45
3 links between education and health in later life:
i. leads people to create a healthy lifestyle ii. gives people a sense of control over their lives, leading to healthy choices iii. Educated parents serve as role models, encouraging children to live a healthy lifestyle **create a lifestyle that promotes good health (diet, stress habits)
46
___% women and __% men 65+ in private households reported “good,” very good,” or “excellent” health”
78.8% women 78.6% men (increases with education)
47
women live longer but have higher proportion of chronic illnesses like...
nutritional risk: (greatest risk = women living alone) daily activity limitations (Higher than men in ALL older age groups) overweight and obesity osteoporosis hypertension (greater risk of stroke in later life) stress cancer - differs in types
48
Men had a higher rate of _____ compared to women 65+
diabetes
49
why do more women than men report unmet needs for DAs
Higher proportion of widows, men usually have spouse for support
50
5 conditions contribute most to ADL and IADL disability
1. Foot problems 2. arthritis 3. cognitive impairment 4. heart problems 5. vision
51
who showed lowest rate of smoking
elderly = lowest - except 12-17 y/o
52
who showed lowest rate of smoking
elderly = lowest - except 12-17 y/o
53
what is the #1 cause of hospitalizations besides pregnancy
COPD
54
most comon cause of injury among seniors
falls
55
blue zones
parts of the world people live the longest (don't try, just happens)
56
the power 9 (blue zones)
1. Move (find ways to move mindlessly, make moving unavoidable) 2. Plan de Vida (know your purpose in life) 3. Down shift (work less, slow down, rest, take vacation) 4. 80% rule (stop eating when you're 80% full) 5. Plant-Power (more veggies, less protein/processed food) 6. Red wine (consistency and moderation) 7. Belong (create a healthy social network) 8. Beliefs (spiritual or religious participation) 9. Your tribe (make family a priority)
57
resilience
a positive response process to some type of challenge or adversity ○ Ability to cope with challenges and thrive - MUST have inner resources (sense of well-being .etc) and support system
58
3 processes of resilience
i. Coping mechanisms that allow a person to meet adversity (illness, decline in ability) ii. Comfortable life structure that meets basic and social needs iii. Sense of purpose in life

2711 Midterm (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions